Wong Jin Xiang, Ogura Kampachiro, Chen Shuxiong, Rehm Bernd H A
School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Mar 4;8:156. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00156. eCollection 2020.
Enzymes function as biocatalysts and are extensively exploited in industrial applications. Immobilization of enzymes using support materials has been shown to improve enzyme properties, including stability and functionality in extreme conditions and recyclability in biocatalytic processing. This review focuses on the recent advances utilizing the design space of self-assembled polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) particles as biocatalyst immobilization scaffolds. Self-assembly of biologically active enzyme-coated PHA particles is a one-step production process, which avoids the costly and laborious chemical cross-linking of purified enzymes to separately produced support materials. The homogeneous orientation of enzymes densely coating PHA particles enhances the accessibility of catalytic sites, improving enzyme function. The PHA particle technology has been developed into a remarkable scaffolding platform for the design of cost-effective designer biocatalysts amenable toward robust industrial bioprocessing. In this review, the PHA particle technology will be compared to other biological supramolecular assembly-based technologies suitable for enzyme immobilization. Recent progress in the fabrication of biological particulate scaffolds using enzymes of industrial interest will be summarized. Additionally, we outline innovative approaches to overcome limitations of assembled PHA particles to enable fine-tuned immobilization of multiple enzymes to enhance performance in multi-step cascade reactions, such as those used in continuous flow bioprocessing.
酶作为生物催化剂发挥作用，并在工业应用中得到广泛利用。使用载体材料固定化酶已被证明可以改善酶的性质，包括在极端条件下的稳定性和功能性以及生物催化过程中的可回收性。本综述重点关注利用自组装聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）颗粒的设计空间作为生物催化剂固定化支架的最新进展。生物活性酶包被的PHA颗粒的自组装是一个一步生产过程，避免了将纯化的酶与单独生产的载体材料进行昂贵且费力的化学交联。密集包被PHA颗粒的酶的均匀取向增强了催化位点的可及性，改善了酶的功能。PHA颗粒技术已发展成为一个卓越的支架平台，用于设计适用于强大工业生物加工的具有成本效益的定制生物催化剂。在本综述中，将把PHA颗粒技术与其他适用于酶固定化的基于生物超分子组装的技术进行比较。将总结使用具有工业价值的酶制造生物颗粒支架的最新进展。此外，我们概述了创新方法，以克服组装的PHA颗粒的局限性，实现对多种酶的微调固定化，以提高多步级联反应中的性能，例如连续流生物加工中使用的反应。
