School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an 223003, China.
School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
Food Res Int. 2021 Feb;140:109979. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109979. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Pectinases are the emerging enzymes of the biotechnology industry with a 25% share in the worldwide food and beverage enzyme market. These are green and eco-friendly tools of nature and hold a prominent place among the commercially produced enzymes. Pectinases exhibit applications in various industrial bioprocesses, such as clarification of fruit juices and wine, degumming, and retting of plant fibers, extraction of antioxidants and oil, fermentation of tea/coffee, wastewater remediation, modification of pectin-laden agro-industrial waste materials for high-value products biosynthesis, manufacture of cellulose fibres, scouring, bleaching, and size reduction of fabric, cellulosic biomass pretreatment for bioethanol production, etc. Nevertheless, like other enzymes, pectinases also face the challenges of low operational stability, recoverability, and recyclability. To address the above-mentioned problems, enzyme immobilization has become an eminently promising approach to improve their thermal stability and catalytic characteristics. Immobilization facilitates easy recovery and recycling of the biocatalysts multiple times, leading to enhanced performance and commercial feasibility.In this review, we illustrate recent developments on the immobilization of pectinolytic enzymes using polymers and nanostructured materials-based carrier supports to constitute novel biocatalytic systems for industrial exploitability. The first section reviewed the immobilization of pectinases on polymers-based supports (ca-alginate, chitosan, agar-agar, hybrid polymers) as a host matrix to construct robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems. The second half covers nanostructured supports (nano-silica, magnetic nanostructures, hybrid nanoflowers, dual-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, montmorillonite clay), and cross-linked enzyme aggregates for enzyme immobilization. The biotechnological applications of the resulted immobilized robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems are also meticulously vetted. Finally, the concluding remarks and future recommendations are also given.
果胶酶是生物技术产业中新兴的酶类，占全球食品和饮料用酶市场的 25%。它们是绿色环保的天然工具，在商业生产的酶中占有突出地位。果胶酶在各种工业生物过程中有应用，如澄清果汁和葡萄酒、脱胶、植物纤维的沤麻、抗氧化剂和油的提取、茶/咖啡发酵、废水修复、改性富含果胶的农业工业废料用于高价值产品生物合成、纤维素纤维制造、精练、漂白和织物减薄、纤维素生物质预处理用于生物乙醇生产等。然而，与其他酶一样，果胶酶也面临操作稳定性、可回收性和可循环性低的挑战。为了解决上述问题，酶固定化已成为提高其热稳定性和催化特性的一种极有前途的方法。固定化便于生物催化剂的多次轻松回收和再循环，从而提高性能和商业可行性。在这篇综述中，我们展示了使用聚合物和基于纳米结构材料的载体支持物固定果胶酶的最新进展，以构成用于工业可利用性的新型生物催化系统。第一节综述了果胶酶在聚合物基载体（藻酸钙、壳聚糖、琼脂、杂化聚合物）上的固定化，作为构建坚固的果胶酶基生物催化系统的宿主基质。后半部分涵盖了纳米结构载体（纳米二氧化硅、磁性纳米结构、杂化纳米花、双响应聚合物纳米载体、蒙脱石粘土）和交联酶聚集体用于酶固定化。所得固定化坚固的果胶酶基生物催化系统的生物技术应用也经过了仔细审查。最后还给出了结论和未来建议。
