Project-based learning approach to increase medical student empathy.

This study investigated the impact of empathy training on medical students using a project-based learning approach on the development of their empathic abilities. Study participants were Year 2 students in the six-year medical program, to whom a one credit-hour course on empathic communication was offered over a semester. In this course, students worked on collaborative team projects in which they were asked to interview a person and to report the empathy that they shared with the interviewee. Development in student empathy was measured using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index inventory in a pre- and post-test format over the semester and their reflective reports were qualitatively analyzed to identify emerging themes on the lessons they learned from the project experience. A total of 45 students completed the questionnaires (a 97.8% response rate). Students' overall empathy scores did not change over time (t = 1.943, p = .06). Still, students with lower empathy in the pre-test improved significantly in their empathy scores (t = 3.44, p < .01). Students reported that the empathy project was beneficial in improving their understanding of empathy and enhancing their empathic communication skills. This study shows the project-based learning approach was effective in developing medical student empathy especially for those with lower empathy.