Park Jihoon, Kang Taesun, Heo Yong, Lee Kiyoung, Kim Kyungran, Lee Kyungsuk, Yoon Chungsik
Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E7.1, Universität des Saarlandes, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Department of Health and Safety Engineering, Semyung University, 65, Semyung-ro, Jecheon-si, Chuncheongbuk-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
Saf Health Work. 2020 Mar;11(1):109-117. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.007. Epub 2019 Dec 31.
Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are harmful gases generated during aerobic/anaerobic bacterial decomposition of livestock manure. We evaluated ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations generated from workplaces at livestock farms and determined environmental factors influencing the gas concentrations.
Five commercial swine farms and five poultry farms were selected for monitoring. Real-time monitors were used to measure the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and environmental conditions during the manure-handling processes. Monitoring was conducted in the manure storage facility and composting facility. Information on the farm conditions was also collected through interview and walk-through survey.
The ammonia concentrations were significantly higher at the swine composting facilities (9.5-43.2 ppm) than at other manure-handling facilities at the swine and poultry farms, and high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were identified during the manure agitation and mixing process at the swine manure storage facilities (6.9-19.5 ppm). At the poultry manure-handling facilities, the ammonia concentration was higher during the manure-handling processes (2.6-57.9 ppm), and very low hydrogen sulfide concentrations (0-3.4 ppm) were detected. The air temperature and relative humidity, volume of the facility, duration of manure storage, and the number of animals influenced the gas concentrations.
A high level of hazardous gases was generated during manure handling, and some levels increased up to risk levels that can threaten workers' health and safety. Some of the farm operational factors were also found to influence the gas levels. By controlling and improving these factors, it would be possible to protect workers' safety and health from occupational risks.
氨气和硫化氢是畜禽粪便在需氧/厌氧细菌分解过程中产生的有害气体。我们评估了畜禽养殖场工作场所产生的氨气和硫化氢浓度，并确定了影响气体浓度的环境因素。
选择了五个商业养猪场和五个家禽养殖场进行监测。在粪便处理过程中，使用实时监测器测量氨气和硫化氢浓度以及环境条件。在粪便储存设施和堆肥设施中进行监测。还通过访谈和实地调查收集了农场条件的信息。
养猪场堆肥设施中的氨气浓度（9.5 - 43.2 ppm）显著高于养猪场和家禽场的其他粪便处理设施，并且在猪粪便储存设施的粪便搅拌和混合过程中发现了高浓度的硫化氢（6.9 - 19.5 ppm）。在家禽粪便处理设施中，粪便处理过程中的氨气浓度较高（2.6 - 57.9 ppm），检测到的硫化氢浓度非常低（0 - 3.4 ppm）。气温、相对湿度、设施容积、粪便储存时间和动物数量影响了气体浓度。
在粪便处理过程中产生了高水平的有害气体，有些浓度上升到了可能威胁工人健康和安全的风险水平。还发现一些农场运营因素会影响气体水平。通过控制和改善这些因素，有可能保护工人的安全和健康免受职业风险。
