Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2024 Jan 9;33(1):33-42. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-0923.
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle-based guidelines which aim to reduce cancer risk. This study investigated, in the UK Biobank, associations between an abbreviated score to assess adherence to these Recommendations and the risk of all cancers combined and of 14 cancers for which there is strong evidence for links with diet, adiposity, and physical activity.
We used data from 288,802 UK Biobank participants (mean age 56.2 years), cancer-free at baseline. An abbreviated version of the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was calculated to assess adherence to five Recommendations on (i) body weight, (ii) physical activity, (iii) fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber, (iv) red and processed meat, and (v) alcohol. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze associations between the abbreviated score (range, 0-5 points) and cancer incidence, adjusting for confounders.
During a median follow-up of 8.2 years (interquartile range, 7.4-8.9), 23,448 participants were diagnosed with cancer. The abbreviated score was inversely associated with risk of cancer overall [HR: 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.95 per 1-point increment], and breast (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.94), colorectal (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.83-0.90), lung (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84-0.94), kidney (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-0.90), pancreatic (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79-0.94), uterine (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73-0.86), esophageal (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.90), stomach (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99), and liver (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72-0.90) cancers.
Greater adherence to the Cancer Prevention Recommendations, assessed using an abbreviated score, was associated with reduced risk of all cancers combined and of nine site-specific cancers.
Our findings support compliance to these Recommendations for cancer prevention.
世界癌症研究基金会（WCRF）/美国癌症研究所（AICR）癌症预防建议是基于生活方式的指南，旨在降低癌症风险。本研究在英国生物库中调查了评估这些建议的依从性的简化评分与所有癌症综合风险以及有强有力证据表明与饮食、肥胖和体力活动相关的 14 种癌症风险之间的关联。
我们使用了 288802 名英国生物库参与者（平均年龄 56.2 岁）的数据，这些参与者在基线时无癌症。计算了 2018 年 WCRF/AICR 评分的简化版本，以评估对以下五项建议的依从性：（i）体重，（ii）体力活动，（iii）水果、蔬菜和膳食纤维，（iv）红色和加工肉类，以及（v）酒精。使用多变量 Cox 比例风险模型分析简化评分（范围 0-5 分）与癌症发病率之间的关联，同时调整了混杂因素。
在中位数为 8.2 年（四分位距 7.4-8.9）的随访期间，23448 名参与者被诊断患有癌症。简化评分与癌症总风险呈负相关[风险比（HR）：0.93；95%置信区间（CI）：每增加 1 分，0.92-0.95]，与乳腺癌（HR：0.90；95%CI：0.87-0.94）、结直肠癌（HR：0.86；95%CI：0.83-0.90）、肺癌（HR：0.89；95%CI：0.84-0.94）、肾癌（HR：0.83；95%CI：0.76-0.90）、胰腺癌（HR：0.86；95%CI：0.79-0.94）、子宫癌（HR：0.79；95%CI：0.73-0.86）、食管癌（HR：0.82；95%CI：0.75-0.90）、胃癌（HR：0.89；95%CI：0.79-0.99）和肝癌（HR：0.80；95%CI：0.72-0.90）。
使用简化评分评估对癌症预防建议的依从性越高，与所有癌症综合风险以及 9 种特定部位癌症的风险降低相关。
我们的研究结果支持为了癌症预防而遵守这些建议。
