Mahmood Tahir, Guo Yuming
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Anim Nutr. 2020 Mar;6(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.11.004. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
The last few decades have been marked by a rapid genetic improvement in chicken growth rates. The modern-day chicken is more efficient in converting feed into muscle mass than their predecessors. This enhanced efficiency emanates from better nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The gut has therefore become a research focus especially after the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) in poultry. In pursuance of better gut health in the post-AGP era, many different strategies are being continuously sought and tested. The gut is inhabited by more than 900 bacterial species along with fungi and archaea, and they play an important role to maintain a conducive milieu for the host. A beneficial shift in the microbial ecosystem of the chicken can be promoted by many dietary and non-dietary interventions, however, diet is ranked as one of the most important and potent regulators of gut microbiota composition. Therefore, the constituents of the diet warrant special attention in the modulation of the gut ecosystem. Among dietary constituents, fiber possesses a significant ability to modulate the microbiota. In this review, we will highlight the importance of fiber in poultry nutrition and will also discuss the effects of fiber on gut microbiota and its resultant ramifications on the liver and brain.
在过去几十年里，鸡的生长速度在基因方面得到了快速提升。现代鸡在将饲料转化为肌肉量方面比它们的前辈更高效。这种效率的提高源于更好的营养消化、吸收和代谢。因此，肠道已成为一个研究重点，尤其是在禽类中禁止使用抗生素作为生长促进剂（AGP）之后。为了在后AGP时代实现更好的肠道健康，人们不断寻求和测试许多不同的策略。肠道中栖息着900多种细菌，还有真菌和古菌，它们在为宿主维持一个有利环境方面发挥着重要作用。许多饮食和非饮食干预措施都可以促进鸡的微生物生态系统发生有益转变，然而，饮食被列为肠道微生物群组成最重要和最有效的调节因素之一。因此，饮食成分在调节肠道生态系统方面值得特别关注。在饮食成分中，纤维具有显著调节微生物群的能力。在这篇综述中，我们将强调纤维在禽类营养中的重要性，并讨论纤维对肠道微生物群的影响及其对肝脏和大脑的后续影响。
