Department of Environmental Health, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250021, China.
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Sydney, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 25;10(1):5423. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62475-0.
China has made great efforts in air pollution control since 2013. However, there is a lack of evaluation of environmental, health and economic co-benefits associated with the national and local air pollution control measures at a city level. We analyzed local air pollution control policies and implementation in Jinan, one of the most heavily air-polluted cities in China between 2013 and 2017. We assessed the changes in exhaust emissions, air quality, mortality and morbidity of associated specific-diseases, and related economic benefits. We also projected the future scenarios of PM concentration dropped to 15 μg/m. There were significant decreases in exhaust emissions of SO and NO in Jinan during the study period. Annual reductions in ambient air pollution were 72.6% for SO, 43.1% for PM, and 34.2% for PM. A total of 2,317 (95%CI: 1,533-2,842) premature deaths and 15,822 (95%CI: 8,734-23,990) related morbidity cases had been avoided in 2017, leading to a total of US$ 317.7 million (95%CI: 227.5-458.1) in economic benefits. Decreasing PM concentrations to 15 μg/m would result in reductions of 70% in total PM-related non-accidental mortality and 95% in total PM-related morbidity, which translates into US$ 1,289.5 million (95%CI: 825.8-1,673.6) in economic benefits. The national and local air pollution control measures have brought significant environmental, health and economic benefits to a previously heavy polluted Chinese city.
自 2013 年以来，中国在空气污染控制方面做出了巨大努力。然而，缺乏对国家和地方空气污染控制措施在城市层面上的环境、健康和经济效益的评估。我们分析了 2013 年至 2017 年期间中国污染最严重的城市之一济南的地方空气污染控制政策和实施情况。我们评估了废气排放、空气质量、相关特定疾病的死亡率和发病率以及相关经济效益的变化。我们还预测了 PM 浓度降至 15μg/m 的未来情景。研究期间，济南的 SO 和 NO 废气排放量显著下降。环境空气污染的年降幅分别为 SO 72.6%、PM 43.1%和 PM 34.2%。2017 年，济南共避免了 2317 例（95%CI：1533-2842）过早死亡和 15822 例（95%CI：8734-23990）相关发病，产生了 3.177 亿美元（95%CI：2.275-4.581）的经济效益。将 PM 浓度降低至 15μg/m 将使总 PM 相关非意外死亡率降低 70%，总 PM 相关发病率降低 95%，相当于 12.895 亿美元（95%CI：8258-16736）的经济效益。国家和地方的空气污染控制措施为中国以前污染严重的城市带来了显著的环境、健康和经济效益。
