BaHammam Ahmed S, Almeneessier Aljohara S
Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Front Nutr. 2020 Mar 11;7:28. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00028. eCollection 2020.
In this article, we reviewed recent data that examined the relationship of circadian rhythm, mealtime, and intermittent fasting with the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction. We also examined the effect of their interactions on cardiometabolic risks. Furthermore, since major differences exists between Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting compared to other forms of experimental intermittent fasting, in this article, we further restricted the discussion to Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using "intermittent fasting," "time-restricted feeding," "fasting," "mealtime," "circadian rhythm," and "cardiometabolic risk," focusing on human studies published after 2013. Recent evidence indicates that meal timing may influence circadian rhythm, as a result, it may also directly or indirectly impact cardiometabolic risk. In humans, several studies suggested that late mealtime is related to an increased risk of poor cardiometabolic health. Nevertheless, large clinical interventional studies are required to assess causality between late mealtime and cardiometabolic morbidity. Currently, evidence indicates that Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting has several beneficial effects that may reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disorders, such as weight reduction, improvement in lipid profile and glycemic control, reduction in proinflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, several changes in daily lifestyle routine, happening during the Ramadan month, may affect the all measured markers of cardiometabolic diseases. Summarily, no definitive conclusion about the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on oxidative stress can be formulated. Therefore, large, well-designed studies, which control for various confounding factors are required to assess the influence of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic risk and disorders.
在本文中，我们回顾了近期有关昼夜节律、用餐时间和间歇性禁食与心脏代谢功能障碍风险之间关系的数据。我们还研究了它们之间的相互作用对心脏代谢风险的影响。此外，由于斋月日间间歇性禁食与其他形式的实验性间歇性禁食存在重大差异，因此在本文中，我们将讨论进一步限定为斋月日间间歇性禁食。我们使用“间歇性禁食”“限时进食”“禁食”“用餐时间”“昼夜节律”和“心脏代谢风险”等关键词在PubMed和谷歌学术数据库中进行检索，重点关注2013年以后发表的人体研究。近期证据表明，用餐时间可能会影响昼夜节律，因此，它也可能直接或间接影响心脏代谢风险。在人类中，多项研究表明用餐时间较晚与心脏代谢健康状况不佳的风险增加有关。然而，需要大型临床干预研究来评估用餐时间较晚与心脏代谢疾病之间的因果关系。目前，有证据表明斋月日间间歇性禁食具有多种有益作用，可能会降低心脏代谢紊乱的风险，如减轻体重、改善血脂和血糖控制、降低促炎标志物以及氧化应激。然而，斋月期间日常生活习惯的一些变化可能会影响所有心脏代谢疾病的测量指标。总之，关于斋月间歇性禁食对氧化应激的影响无法得出明确结论。因此，需要开展大型、设计良好且能控制各种混杂因素的研究，以评估斋月日间间歇性禁食对心脏代谢风险和疾病标志物的影响。
