Datta Pallab, Ray Soumendranath
Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah, India.
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India.
J Labelled Comp Radiopharm. 2020 Mar 27. doi: 10.1002/jlcr.3839.
Application of nanotechnology principles in drug delivery has created opportunities for treatment of several diseases. Nanotechnology offers the advantage of overcoming the adverse biopharmaceutics or pharmacokinetic properties of drug molecules, to be determined by the transport properties of the particles themselves. Through the manipulation of size, shape, charge, and type of nanoparticle delivery system, variety of distribution profiles may be obtained. However, there still exists greater need to derive and standardize definitive structure property relationships for the distribution profiles of the delivery system. When applied to radiopharmaceuticals, the delivery systems assume greater significance. For the safety and efficacy of both diagnostics and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, selective localization in target tissue is even more important. At the same time, the synthesis and fabrication reactions of radiolabelled nanoparticles need to be completed in much shorter time. Moreover, the extensive understanding of the several interesting optical and magnetic properties of materials in nanoscale provides for achieving multiple objectives in nuclear medicine. This review discusses the various nanoparticle systems, which are applied for radionuclides and analyses the important bottlenecks that are required to be overcome for their more widespread clinical adaptation.
纳米技术原理在药物递送中的应用为多种疾病的治疗创造了机会。纳米技术具有克服药物分子不良生物药剂学或药代动力学性质的优势，这取决于颗粒本身的传输特性。通过操纵纳米颗粒递送系统的大小、形状、电荷和类型，可以获得多种分布概况。然而，对于递送系统的分布概况，仍然更需要推导并标准化明确的结构-性质关系。当应用于放射性药物时，递送系统具有更重要的意义。对于诊断和治疗性放射性药物的安全性和有效性而言，在靶组织中的选择性定位更为重要。同时，放射性标记纳米颗粒的合成和制备反应需要在更短的时间内完成。此外，对纳米级材料的几种有趣光学和磁性性质的广泛了解有助于在核医学中实现多个目标。本综述讨论了应用于放射性核素的各种纳米颗粒系统，并分析了为使其更广泛地应用于临床而需要克服的重要瓶颈。
