Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2020;71(1):89-96. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2020.0106.
The most important element of a well-balanced diet is a proper energetic value. Energy deficiencies are often observed in athletes, especially women. Energy deficiencies can lead to low energy availability which can cause serious health problems and affect exercise capacities. There is, therefore, a risk of health complications and reduced physical performance among female soccer players.
The aim of this study was to check the frequency of low energy availability appearance in a group of women training soccer, which could results in negative health effects due to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S).
Thirty-one professional female soccer players practicing on different league levels (Extra-league, I league, II league) participated in the study. The participants had their height and body mass measured. To assess the Energy Intake the method of 3-day dietary food recording was used. Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) and Exercise Energy Expenditure (EEE) was measured by means of an Armband SenseWear Pro3 device. The content of fat free mass was assessed with Akern BIA 101 Anniversary Sport Edition device.
The body mass median of participants was 58 kg. The average height was 166±5 cm, and the average BMI was 21.4±2 kg/m2. TEE was 2703±392 kcal/day, while EEE was 515 kcal (203-597 kcal). Energy intake was 1548±452 kcal/day. Energy availability was 25±11 kcal/kg fat free mass/day. Twenty of the study participants had low energy availability. The percentage of EEE in TEE was 17.93±3.14%.
Low energy availability was demonstrated in the vast majority of studied group, which may lead to negative health consequences or reduction of exercise capacity.
均衡饮食最重要的元素是适当的能量值。运动员，尤其是女性，经常出现能量不足的情况。能量不足会导致能量可用性降低，从而导致严重的健康问题并影响运动能力。因此，女性足球运动员存在健康并发症和运动表现下降的风险。
本研究的目的是检查一组训练足球的女性出现低能量可用性的频率，这可能会因运动相关的相对能量不足（RED-S）而导致负面健康影响。
31 名从事不同联赛级别的职业女性足球运动员（超级联赛、甲级联赛、乙级联赛）参加了这项研究。参与者测量了身高和体重。为了评估能量摄入，使用了 3 天饮食记录法。总能量消耗（TEE）和运动能量消耗（EEE）通过 SenseWear Pro3 臂带设备进行测量。无脂肪质量含量通过 Akern BIA 101 周年运动版设备进行评估。
参与者的体重中位数为 58 公斤。平均身高为 166±5 厘米，平均 BMI 为 21.4±2 kg/m2。TEE 为 2703±392 kcal/天，而 EEE 为 515 kcal（203-597 kcal）。能量摄入为 1548±452 kcal/天。能量可用性为 25±11 kcal/kg 去脂体重/天。20 名研究参与者存在低能量可用性。TEE 中的 EEE 百分比为 17.93±3.14%。
绝大多数研究参与者表现出低能量可用性，这可能导致负面健康后果或运动能力下降。
