Ali Seid Yimam, Shegere Mekonin Meskelu, Abdulahi Abdifatah, Hussein Ahmed Abdikadir, Abdinur Abdulahi Hussen, Muhumed Abdurahman Aden, Ayele Zerihun Abera, Abebe Dawit, Abdu Seid Mohammed, Gemechu Workineh Diriba
School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
BMJ Open. 2025 Jul 16;15(7):e102928. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-102928.
This study aims to assess the level of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and its associated determinants among hypertensive patients in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia using the WHO 10-year CVD risk score.
An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed.
Hypertensive patients aged 40-74 years in two public hospitals in Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia, from 20 December 2023 to 20 February 2024.
Randomly selected 344 hypertensive patients aged 40-74 years with a duration of 1 year or more from the time of diagnosis and at least having 6-month follow-up.
10-year CVD risk level was assessed by using WHO 10-year CVD risk score. Risk levels were categorised as low (<10%) and high (≥10%).
Associated factors influencing CVD risk.
The study included 341 hypertensive individuals, with a 99.1% response rate. Of the respondents, 58.9% were men. The overall prevalence of CVD risk within the coming 10 years was 134 (39.3%; 95% CI: 34.1% to 44.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, khat chewing, smoking and comorbid conditions as significant independent predictors of CVD risk. Specifically, individuals aged 60-69 years had an adjusted OR (AOR) of 3.97 (95% CI: 1.94 to 8.16) and those aged 70-74 years had an AOR of 2.99 (95% CI: 1.57 to 5.71). Khat chewers had an AOR of 2.58 (95% CI: 1.22 to 5.46), smokers an AOR of 3.44 (95% CI: 1.59 to 7.48) and individuals with comorbidities an AOR of 2.42 (95% CI: 1.47 to 3.99).
There is a significant increase in 10-year CVD risk among hypertensive patients in the study area. Age, khat chewing, smoking and comorbidities were independent predictors. Regular CVD risk screening for older patients, focused health education to reduce khat and tobacco use and integrated management of comorbidities are essential to lower future cardiovascular risk.
本研究旨在使用世界卫生组织（WHO）10年心血管疾病（CVD）风险评分，评估埃塞俄比亚索马里州吉吉加市高血压患者的心血管疾病风险水平及其相关决定因素。
采用基于机构的横断面研究设计。
2023年12月20日至2024年2月20日期间，埃塞俄比亚索马里州吉吉加市两家公立医院中年龄在40 - 74岁的高血压患者。
从诊断后病程1年或更长时间且至少有6个月随访的患者中，随机选取344名年龄在40 - 74岁的高血压患者。
使用WHO 10年CVD风险评分评估10年CVD风险水平。风险水平分为低风险（<10%）和高风险（≥10%）。
影响CVD风险的相关因素。
该研究纳入了341名高血压患者，应答率为99.1%。在应答者中，58.9%为男性。未来10年内CVD风险的总体患病率为134例（39.3%；95%置信区间：34.1%至44.5%）。多变量逻辑回归分析确定年龄、咀嚼恰特草、吸烟和合并症是CVD风险的重要独立预测因素。具体而言，60 - 69岁的个体调整后比值比（AOR）为3.97（95%置信区间：1.94至8.16），70 - 74岁的个体AOR为2.99（95%置信区间：1.57至5.71）。咀嚼恰特草者的AOR为2.58（95%置信区间：1.22至5.46），吸烟者的AOR为3.44（95%置信区间：1.59至7.48），有合并症的个体AOR为2.42（95%置信区间：1.47至3.99）。
研究区域内高血压患者的10年CVD风险显著增加。年龄、咀嚼恰特草、吸烟和合并症是独立预测因素。对老年患者进行定期CVD风险筛查、开展针对性健康教育以减少恰特草和烟草使用以及对合并症进行综合管理，对于降低未来心血管风险至关重要。
