M Peñarrocha-Diago, Jc Bernabeu-Mira, A Fernández-Ruíz, C Aparicio, D Peñarrocha-Oltra
Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 07800 Ibiza, Spain.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Mar 29;13(7):1577. doi: 10.3390/ma13071577.
To present a case series of zygomatic implants combined with bone regeneration and soft tissue enhancement techniques to reduce the risk of biological delayed complications such as maxillary sinusitis and soft tissue recession.
Zygomatic implants placed simultaneously with different bone regeneration techniques (buccal, palatal and buccal-palatal bone regeneration) and soft tissue enhancement techniques (pediculate and free connective tissue graft) were followed for at least 12 months. The following information was collected: patient age and sex, number of zygomatic implants, zygomatic implant success rate, zygomatic implant position according to classification of the Zygomatic Anatomy Guide Approach (ZAGA), sinus membrane perforation, type and outcome of the bone regeneration or the soft tissue enhancement technique, bone gain (width and length along the zygomatic implant) and keratinized buccal mucosa width, duration of follow-up, loading protocol (immediate or delayed) and biological complications (maxillary sinusitis and soft tissue recession).
Thirty-one zygomatic implants placed in 19 patients were included. All implants were successful and none of the implants presented biological complications. The bone regeneration technique was successful in 30 of 31 cases with a mean palatal bone width of 3 mm, buccal bone width of 2.65 mm, palatal bone length of 6.5 mm and buccal bone length of 8.3 mm. The success rate of soft tissue enhancement was 100% and it established at least 2 mm of keratinized buccal mucosa width in all implants.
Within the limitations of the present study, bone regeneration and soft tissue enhancement techniques were useful to establish more favorable conditions of the peri-implant tissues around zygomatic implants. This could prevent biological complications such as maxillary sinusitis and soft tissue recessions. Prospective and randomized controlled clinical trials with longer follow-up periods are advisable.
介绍一组颧种植体联合骨再生和软组织增强技术的病例，以降低生物性延迟并发症（如鼻窦炎和软组织退缩）的风险。
对同时植入颧种植体并采用不同骨再生技术（颊侧、腭侧及颊腭侧骨再生）和软组织增强技术（带蒂和游离结缔组织移植）的患者进行至少12个月的随访。收集以下信息：患者年龄和性别、颧种植体数量、颧种植体成功率、根据颧部解剖引导入路（ZAGA）分类的颧种植体位置、窦膜穿孔情况、骨再生或软组织增强技术的类型及结果、骨增量（沿颧种植体的宽度和长度）、角化颊黏膜宽度、随访时间、加载方案（即刻或延迟）以及生物性并发症（鼻窦炎和软组织退缩）。
纳入19例患者植入的31枚颧种植体。所有种植体均成功且无一出现生物性并发症。31例中有30例骨再生技术成功，平均腭侧骨宽度为3mm，颊侧骨宽度为2.65mm，腭侧骨长度为6.5mm，颊侧骨长度为8.3mm。软组织增强成功率为100%，所有种植体均建立了至少2mm的角化颊黏膜宽度。
在本研究的局限性范围内，骨再生和软组织增强技术有助于为颧种植体周围的种植体周围组织创造更有利条件。这可预防鼻窦炎和软组织退缩等生物性并发症。建议进行随访期更长的前瞻性随机对照临床试验。
