Department of Clinical Nursing, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 2;15(4):e0230740. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230740. eCollection 2020.
The average length of hospital stay in the psychiatric ward is longer, and the risk of patient-to-nurse violence is higher than that in other departments. Therefore, psychiatric nurses' work environment may differ from that of other nurses. The factors related to psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy may also differ from those of general workers or other nurses. Mental health care that considers the characteristics of psychiatric nurses requires exploration of self-efficacy unique to psychiatric nurses. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the distinct factors related to psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy. The developed 24 items related to improvement in self-efficacy and 25 items related to decrease in self-efficacy were examined. The Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure the validity of the factors. To extract the factors of self-efficacy, data from 132 nurses and assistant nurses who provided informed consent were analyzed, and the reliability and validity of the factors were calculated. The factors associated with improvement in self-efficacy were "Positive reactions by patients," "Ability to positively change nurse-patient relationship," and "Practicability of appropriate nursing." The factors associated with decrease in self-efficacy were "Uncertainty in psychiatric nursing" and "Nurses' role loss." The Cronbach's α for all factors exceeded .70. Of the five factors, four had significant weak-to-moderate correlations with the Japanese version of the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale; therefore, the validity was quantitatively confirmed with four factors. Interventions based on these four factors may improve psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy. Additionally, it is possible that this tool assesses the unique facets of self-efficacy rather than psychiatric nurses' general self-efficacy. Interventions to improve psychiatric nurses' self-efficacy based on the characteristics of psychiatry are needed.
精神病病房的平均住院时间较长，患者对护士的暴力风险高于其他科室。因此，精神病护士的工作环境可能与其他护士不同。与精神病护士自我效能相关的因素也可能与一般工作人员或其他护士不同。考虑到精神病护士特点的心理健康护理需要探索精神病护士特有的自我效能。这项横断面研究旨在探讨与精神病护士自我效能相关的独特因素。检查了与自我效能提高相关的 24 项和与自我效能降低相关的 25 项内容。使用一般自我效能感量表来衡量因素的有效性。为了提取自我效能的因素，分析了 132 名同意提供知情同意的护士和助理护士的数据，并计算了因素的可靠性和有效性。与自我效能提高相关的因素是“患者的积极反应”、“积极改变护患关系的能力”和“适当护理的可行性”。与自我效能降低相关的因素是“精神病护理的不确定性”和“护士角色丧失”。所有因素的克朗巴赫 α 值均超过 0.70。在这五个因素中，有四个与日本版一般自我效能感量表有显著的弱到中度相关性；因此，用四个因素进行了定量确认，具有有效性。基于这四个因素的干预措施可能会提高精神病护士的自我效能。此外，该工具可能评估的是自我效能的独特方面，而不是精神病护士的一般自我效能。需要基于精神病学特点来提高精神病护士自我效能的干预措施。
