Department of Risk Factor Prevention, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dobrolyubova St. 11, Moscow, 127254, Russia; International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France.
Research Lab, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina St. 61/2 k.1, Moscow, 129110, Russia.
Mech Ageing Dev. 2020 Jul;189:111230. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111230. Epub 2020 Apr 3.
The disease criteria used by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied to human biological aging in order to assess whether aging can be classified as a disease. These criteria were developed for the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and included disease diagnostics, mechanisms, course and outcomes, known interventions, and linkage to genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: Biological aging can be diagnosed with frailty indices, functional, blood-based biomarkers. A number of major causal mechanisms of human aging involved in various organs have been described, such as inflammation, replicative cellular senescence, immune senescence, proteostasis failures, mitochondrial dysfunctions, fibrotic propensity, hormonal aging, body composition changes, etc. We identified a number of clinically proven interventions, as well as genetic and environmental factors of aging. Therefore, aging fits the ICD-11 criteria and can be considered a disease. Our proposal was submitted to the ICD-11 Joint Task force, and this led to the inclusion of the extension code for "Ageing-related" (XT9T) into the "Causality" section of the ICD-11. This might lead to greater focus on biological aging in global health policy and might provide for more opportunities for the new therapy developers.
世界卫生组织（WHO）使用的疾病标准被应用于人类生物衰老，以评估衰老是否可以被归类为一种疾病。这些标准是为国际疾病分类第 11 次修订版（ICD-11）制定的，包括疾病诊断、机制、病程和结果、已知干预措施以及与遗传和环境因素的联系。结果：生物衰老可以通过虚弱指数、功能、血液生物标志物来诊断。已经描述了涉及各种器官的人类衰老的许多主要因果机制，如炎症、复制性细胞衰老、免疫衰老、蛋白质稳态失效、线粒体功能障碍、纤维化倾向、激素衰老、身体成分变化等。我们确定了一些经过临床验证的干预措施，以及衰老的遗传和环境因素。因此，衰老符合 ICD-11 标准，可以被视为一种疾病。我们的建议提交给了 ICD-11 联合工作组，这导致将“与衰老相关”（XT9T）的扩展代码纳入 ICD-11 的“因果关系”部分。这可能会导致全球卫生政策更加关注生物衰老，并为新疗法的开发者提供更多机会。
