Chen Wenjun, Gui Xuchun, Yang Leilei, Zhu Hai, Tang Zikang
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
Nanoscale Horiz. 2019 Mar 1;4(2):291-320. doi: 10.1039/c8nh00112j. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene, its derivatives, metal films, MXenes and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have been widely studied because of their tunable electronic structures and special electrical and optical properties. However, during the fabrication of these 2D materials with atomic thickness, formation of wrinkles or folds is unavoidable to enable their stable existence. Meaningfully, it is found that wrinkled structures simultaneously impose positive changes on the 2D materials. Specifically, the architecture of wrinkled structures in 2D materials additionally induces excellent properties, which are of great importance for their practical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of categories of 2D materials, which contains formation and fabrication methods of wrinkled patterns and relevant mechanisms, as well as the induced mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. Furthermore, these properties are modifiable by controlling the surface topography or even by dynamically stretching the 2D materials. Wrinkling offers a platform for 2D materials to be applied in some promising fields such as field emitters, energy containers and suppliers, field effect transistors, hydrophobic surfaces, sensors for flexible electronics and artificial intelligence. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of wrinkled 2D materials in the near future are discussed.
最近，二维（2D）材料，包括石墨烯及其衍生物、金属薄膜、MXenes和过渡金属二硫属化物（TMDs），因其可调节的电子结构以及特殊的电学和光学性质而受到广泛研究。然而，在制备这些具有原子厚度的二维材料时，不可避免地会形成皱纹或褶皱以使其稳定存在。有意义的是，人们发现皱纹结构同时会给二维材料带来积极的变化。具体而言，二维材料中皱纹结构的形态会额外诱导出优异的性能，这对其实际应用非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了二维材料的类别，包括皱纹图案的形成和制造方法、相关机制，以及由此诱导出的机械、电学、热学和光学性质。此外，这些性质可以通过控制表面形貌甚至动态拉伸二维材料来进行调节。皱纹为二维材料提供了一个应用于一些有前景的领域的平台，如场发射器、能量储存器和供应器、场效应晶体管、疏水表面、柔性电子和人工智能传感器。最后，讨论了皱纹二维材料在不久的将来面临的机遇和挑战。
