Wang Xiaohong, Schröder Heinz C, Müller Werner E G
ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
J Mater Chem B. 2018 Apr 28;6(16):2385-2412. doi: 10.1039/c8tb00241j. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Recent developments in the field of biomaterials for tissue engineering open up new opportunities for regenerative therapy and prevention of progression of osteo-articular damage/impairment. A key advancement was the discovery of the regenerative activity of a group of physiologically occurring high-energy polymers, inorganic polyphosphates (polyP). These bio-polymers, in suitable bioinspired formulations, turned out to be capable of inducing proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages through differential gene expression (morphogenetic activity). Unprecedented is the property of these biopolymers to deliver high-energy phosphate in the extracellular space to promote anabolic processes including extracellular matrix synthesis in bradytrophic tissues such as cartilage and mineralized bone. This review summarizes the biological effects of these unique bio-polymers, not yet met by other biomaterials and depending on their specific formulation as smart amorphous nanoparticles/microparticles with different counterions. In addition, polyP in combination with other, hydrogel-forming polymers provides the basis for the fabrication of hardenable bio-inks applicable in additive manufacturing/3D printing and 3D cell bioprinting of regeneratively active patient-specific osteo-articular implants. The future prospects of this innovative technology are discussed.
组织工程生物材料领域的最新进展为再生治疗以及预防骨关节损伤/损害的进展带来了新机遇。一项关键进展是发现了一组生理上存在的高能聚合物——无机多磷酸盐（polyP）的再生活性。这些生物聚合物，在合适的仿生配方中，通过差异基因表达（形态发生活性），能够诱导间充质干细胞增殖并分化为成骨或软骨谱系。这些生物聚合物具有将细胞外空间中的高能磷酸盐输送出去以促进合成代谢过程的特性，包括在诸如软骨和矿化骨等营养供应不足的组织中进行细胞外基质合成，这是前所未有的。本综述总结了这些独特生物聚合物的生物学效应，其他生物材料尚未具备这些效应，且这些效应取决于它们作为带有不同抗衡离子的智能无定形纳米颗粒/微粒的特定配方。此外，polyP与其他形成水凝胶的聚合物相结合，为制造可硬化生物墨水提供了基础，这些生物墨水可应用于再生活性患者特异性骨关节植入物的增材制造/3D打印和3D细胞生物打印。本文还讨论了这项创新技术的未来前景。
