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生理无机聚合物生物硅和多磷酸盐作为再生纳米医学中生物医学材料的关键驱动因素。

The Physiological Inorganic Polymers Biosilica and Polyphosphate as Key Drivers for Biomedical Materials in Regenerative Nanomedicine.

机构信息

ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.

出版信息

Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Feb 8;19:1303-1337. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S446405. eCollection 2024.

DOI:10.2147/IJN.S446405
PMID:38348175
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10860874/
Abstract

There is a need for novel nanomaterials with properties not yet exploited in regenerative nanomedicine. Based on lessons learned from the oldest metazoan phylum, sponges, it has been recognized that two previously ignored or insufficiently recognized principles play an essential role in tissue regeneration, including biomineral formation/repair and wound healing. Firstly, the dependence on enzymes as a driving force and secondly, the availability of metabolic energy. The discovery of enzymatic synthesis and regenerative activity of amorphous biosilica that builds the mineral skeleton of siliceous sponges formed the basis for the development of successful strategies for the treatment of osteochondral impairments in humans. In addition, the elucidation of the functional significance of a second regeneratively active inorganic material, namely inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and its amorphous nanoparticles, present from sponges to humans, has pushed forward the development of innovative materials for both soft (skin, cartilage) and hard tissue (bone) repair. This energy-rich molecule exhibits a property not shown by any other biopolymer: the delivery of metabolic energy, even extracellularly, necessary for the ATP-dependent tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanobiomaterials based on these two evolutionarily old, regeneratively active materials, amorphous silica and amorphous polyP, highlighting their specific, partly unique properties and mode of action, and discussing their possible applications in human therapy. The results of initial proof-of-concept studies on patients demonstrating complete healing of chronic wounds are outlined.

摘要

需要具有再生纳米医学中尚未开发的特性的新型纳米材料。基于从最古老的后生动物门海绵中吸取的经验教训，人们认识到，两个以前被忽视或认识不足的原则在组织再生中起着至关重要的作用，包括生物矿化/修复和伤口愈合。首先，依赖酶作为驱动力；其次，有代谢能的供应。发现酶促合成和再生无定形生物硅的活性，生物硅构成了硅质海绵的矿物骨架，这为开发治疗人类骨软骨损伤的成功策略奠定了基础。此外，阐明第二种具有再生活性的无机材料，即无机多磷酸盐（多聚磷）及其无定形纳米颗粒的功能意义，从海绵到人都存在，这推动了用于软组织（皮肤、软骨）和硬组织（骨骼）修复的创新材料的发展。这种富含能量的分子表现出任何其他生物聚合物都不具有的特性：即使在细胞外，也能提供组织再生所需的依赖于 ATP 的代谢能。本文综述了基于这两种进化古老、具有再生活性的材料（无定形二氧化硅和无定形多聚磷）的纳米生物材料的最新进展，强调了它们的特定、部分独特的性质和作用模式，并讨论了它们在人类治疗中的可能应用。概述了初步概念验证研究在慢性伤口完全愈合的患者中的结果。

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