Xiao Amy, Dhand Chetna, Leung Chak Ming, Beuerman Roger W, Ramakrishna Seeram, Lakshminarayanan Rajamani
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
J Mater Chem B. 2018 Apr 21;6(15):2171-2186. doi: 10.1039/c7tb03136j. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
Contact lens wear is a primary risk factor for developing ocular complications, such as contact lens acute red eye (CLARE), contact lens-induced peripheral ulcer (CLPU) and microbial keratitis (MK). Infections occur due to microbial contamination of contact lenses, lens cases and lens care solution, which are exacerbated by extended lens wear and unsanitary lens care practices. The development of microbial biofilms inside lens cases is an additional complication, as the developed biofilms are resistant to conventional lens cleaning solutions. Ocular infections, particularly in the case of MK, can lead to visual impairment or even blindness, so there is a pressing need for the development of antimicrobial contact lenses and cases. Additionally, with the increasing use of bandage contact lenses and contact lenses as drug depots and with the development of smart contact lenses, contact lens hygiene becomes a therapeutically important issue. In this review, we attempt to compile and summarize various chemical strategies for developing antimicrobial contact lenses and lens cases by using silver, free-radical producing agents, antimicrobial peptides or by employing passive surface modification approaches. We also evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of each system and tried to provide input to future directions. Finally, we summarize the developing technologies of therapeutic contact lenses to shed light on the future of contact lens applications.
佩戴隐形眼镜是引发眼部并发症的主要风险因素，如隐形眼镜急性红眼（CLARE）、隐形眼镜诱发的周边溃疡（CLPU）和微生物性角膜炎（MK）。感染是由于隐形眼镜、镜盒和护理液受到微生物污染所致，长时间佩戴隐形眼镜以及不卫生的镜片护理习惯会使情况恶化。镜盒内微生物生物膜的形成是另一个并发症，因为形成的生物膜对传统的镜片清洁溶液具有抗性。眼部感染，尤其是微生物性角膜炎，可能导致视力受损甚至失明，因此迫切需要研发抗菌隐形眼镜和镜盒。此外，随着绷带式隐形眼镜和作为药物储存库的隐形眼镜的使用增加以及智能隐形眼镜的发展，隐形眼镜卫生成为一个具有重要治疗意义的问题。在本综述中，我们试图汇编和总结通过使用银、自由基产生剂、抗菌肽或采用被动表面改性方法来研发抗菌隐形眼镜和镜盒的各种化学策略。我们还评估了每个系统的优缺点，并试图为未来的发展方向提供参考。最后，我们总结了治疗性隐形眼镜的发展技术，以阐明隐形眼镜应用的未来前景。
