Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (IFC-CNR), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Institute of Science and Chemical Technology, National Council of Research (SCITEC-CNR), Milan, Italy.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Jan 17;2020:3062807. doi: 10.1155/2020/3062807. eCollection 2020.
The response to strenuous exercise was investigated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative damage, thiol redox status, and inflammation assessments in 32 enrolled triathlon athletes (41.9 ± 7.9 yrs) during Ironman® (IR), or half Ironman® (HIR) competition. In biological samples, inflammatory cytokines, aminothiols (glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and cysteinylglycine (CysGly)), creatinine and neopterin, oxidative stress (OxS) biomarkers (protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)), and ROS were assessed. Thirteen HIR and fourteen IR athletes finished the race. Postrace, ROS (HIR +20%; IR +28%; < 0.0001), TBARS (HIR +57%; IR +101%), PC (HIR +101%; IR +130%) and urinary neopterin (HIR +19%, IR +27%) significantly (range < 0.05-0.0001) increased. Moreover, HIR showed an increase in total Cys +28%, while IR showed total aminothiols, Cys, Hcy, CysGly, and GSH increase by +48, +30, +58, and +158%, respectively (range < 0.05-0.0001). ROS production was significantly correlated with TBARS and PC ( = 0.38 and = 0.40; < 0.0001) and aminothiols levels (range = 0.17-0.47; range < 0.01-0.0001). In particular, ROS was directly correlated with the athletes' age ( = 0.19; < 0.05), with ultraendurance years of training ( = 0.18; < 0.05) and the days/week training activity ( = 0.16; < 0.05). Finally, the days/week training activity (hours/in the last 2 weeks) was found inversely correlated with the IL-6 postrace ( = -0.21; < 0.01). A strenuous performance, the Ironman® distance triathlon competition, alters the oxidant/antioxidant balance through a great OxS response that is directly correlated to the inflammatory parameters; furthermore, the obtained data suggest that an appropriate training time has to be selected in order to achieve the lowest ROS production and IL-6 concentration at the same time.
在 32 名参加铁人三项（IR）或半铁人三项（HIR）比赛的运动员（41.9 ± 7.9 岁）中，通过活性氧（ROS）产生、氧化损伤、巯基氧化还原状态和炎症评估来研究剧烈运动的反应。在生物样本中，评估了炎症细胞因子、氨基硫醇（谷胱甘肽（GSH）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、半胱氨酸（Cys）和半胱氨酰甘氨酸（CysGly））、肌酸酐和新蝶呤、氧化应激（OxS）生物标志物（蛋白羰基（PC）、硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（TBARS））和 ROS。13 名 HIR 和 14 名 IR 运动员完成了比赛。赛后，ROS（HIR +20%；IR +28%；<0.0001）、TBARS（HIR +57%；IR +101%）、PC（HIR +101%；IR +130%）和尿新蝶呤（HIR +19%，IR +27%）显著增加（范围 <0.05-0.0001）。此外，HIR 总半胱氨酸增加 28%，而 IR 则增加了总氨基硫醇、半胱氨酸、同型半胱氨酸、半胱氨酰甘氨酸和 GSH 分别增加 48%、30%、58%和 158%（范围 <0.05-0.0001）。ROS 产生与 TBARS 和 PC 显著相关（=0.38 和=0.40；<0.0001），与氨基硫醇水平也显著相关（范围=0.17-0.47；范围 <0.01-0.0001）。特别是，ROS 与运动员的年龄呈直接相关（=0.19；<0.05），与超耐力训练年限（=0.18；<0.05）和每周训练活动天数（=0.16；<0.05）也呈直接相关。最后，每周训练活动天数（两周内的小时数）与赛后 IL-6 呈负相关（= -0.21；<0.01）。一项艰苦的比赛，即铁人三项距离比赛，通过剧烈的氧化应激反应改变了氧化剂/抗氧化剂的平衡，这与炎症参数直接相关；此外，获得的数据表明，为了同时达到最低的 ROS 产生和 IL-6 浓度，必须选择适当的训练时间。
