Gong Linji, Yan Liang, Zhou Ruyi, Xie Jiani, Wu Wei, Gu Zhanjun
CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
J Mater Chem B. 2017 Mar 14;5(10):1873-1895. doi: 10.1039/c7tb00195a. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
As demonstrated by preclinical and clinical studies, it is often difficult to eradicate tumors, particularly those that are deep-located, with photothermal therapy (PTT) alone because of the intrinsic drawbacks of optical therapy. To increase the therapeutic effect of PTT and reduce its significant side-effects, a new direction involving the combination of PTT with other therapeutic techniques is highly desirable. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the typical ultrathin 2D layer nanomaterials, have gained tremendous interest in many different fields including biomedicine, due to their novel physicochemical properties. Benefitting from their intrinsic near-infrared absorbance properties and extremely large specific surface areas, many efforts are being devoted to fabricating 2D TMDC-based multifunctional nanoplatforms for combining PTT with other therapeutics in order to realize 2D TMDC-assisted combination therapy and thus achieve excellent anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. In addition, various inorganic nanoparticles and fluorescent probes can be attached to the surface of 2D TMDCs to obtain nanocomposites with versatile optical and/or magnetic properties that are useful for multi-modal imaging and imaging-guided cancer therapy. In this review, we mainly summarize the latest advances in the utilization of 2D TMDCs for PTT combination cancer therapy, including PTT/photodynamic therapy, PTT/chemotherapy, PTT/radiotherapy, PTT/gene therapy, and imaging-guided cancer combination therapy, as well as the evaluation of their behaviors and toxicology both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we address the principle for the design of 2D TMDC-assisted photothermal combination theranostics and the future prospects and challenges of using 2D TMDC-based nanomaterials for theranostic applications.
临床前和临床研究表明，由于光疗固有的缺点，仅用光热疗法（PTT）往往很难根除肿瘤，尤其是那些位于深部的肿瘤。为了提高PTT的治疗效果并减少其显著的副作用，将PTT与其他治疗技术相结合的新方向备受期待。最近，二维（2D）过渡金属二硫属化物（TMDCs）作为典型的超薄二维层状纳米材料，因其新颖的物理化学性质，在包括生物医学在内的许多不同领域引起了极大的关注。受益于其固有的近红外吸收特性和极大的比表面积，人们致力于制备基于二维TMDCs的多功能纳米平台，将PTT与其他疗法相结合，以实现二维TMDC辅助联合治疗，从而获得优异的抗肿瘤治疗效果。此外，各种无机纳米颗粒和荧光探针可以附着在二维TMDCs表面，以获得具有多功能光学和/或磁性的纳米复合材料，这些材料可用于多模态成像和成像引导的癌症治疗。在这篇综述中，我们主要总结了二维TMDCs在PTT联合癌症治疗中的最新进展，包括PTT/光动力疗法、PTT/化疗、PTT/放疗、PTT/基因疗法和成像引导的癌症联合治疗，以及对其在体外和体内行为及毒理学的评估。此外，我们还讨论了二维TMDC辅助光热联合诊疗的设计原则，以及使用基于二维TMDCs的纳米材料进行诊疗应用的未来前景和挑战。
