Kim Kisoo, Lee Won Gu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
J Mater Chem B. 2017 Apr 21;5(15):2726-2738. doi: 10.1039/c7tb00038c. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Nanoparticles have shown great promise in the development of efficient drug delivery systems, early diagnosis, and high-resolution imaging of hard-to-find diseases, such as early-stage malignant cancer and very rare circulating tumor cells, for pharmaceutical and medical applications. Recently, nanoparticles have been used as intracellular carriers of nano-drugs into targeted cells to release a slowly diffusing drug in the vicinity of the target disease. Several methods such as chemical reagent-based uptake, mechanical bombardment, direct injection, and electroporation have been developed to deliver nanoparticles into cells in a controlled manner. Unlike other methods, electroporation has continued to have great success with respect to the uptake efficiency, post-viability of cells, and high-throughput yield rate for numerous cell applications in association with nanoparticles. In this review, we present recent advances in the delivery of nanoparticles as intracellular carriers by electroporation (NICE) and highlight the salient features of NICE delivery at a multiscale level. We furthermore discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of NICE delivery for clinical applications.
在药物和医学应用中，纳米颗粒在高效药物递送系统的开发、早期诊断以及对难以发现的疾病（如早期恶性癌症和非常罕见的循环肿瘤细胞）进行高分辨率成像方面显示出巨大的潜力。最近，纳米颗粒已被用作纳米药物的细胞内载体，进入靶向细胞，在目标疾病附近释放缓慢扩散的药物。已经开发了几种方法，如基于化学试剂的摄取、机械轰击、直接注射和电穿孔，以可控的方式将纳米颗粒递送至细胞中。与其他方法不同，电穿孔在摄取效率、细胞的存活后状态以及与纳米颗粒相关的众多细胞应用的高通量产率方面一直取得巨大成功。在本综述中，我们介绍了通过电穿孔作为细胞内载体递送纳米颗粒（NICE）的最新进展，并强调了多尺度水平下NICE递送的显著特征。我们还讨论了NICE递送在临床应用中的当前挑战和未来前景。
