Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Immunology, Buali Hospital of Laboratory, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Rev Med Virol. 2020 May;30(3):e2107. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2107. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19, an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, an important pathogen for humans. There is an urgent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In Iran, the first case of the COVID-19 was reported after spread from China and other countries. Fever, cough, and fatigue were the most common symptoms of this virus. In worldwide, the incubation period of COVID-19 was 3 to 7 days and approximately 80% of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe, requiring oxygen, and 5% are critical infections, requiring ventilation. To mount an antiviral response, the innate immune system recognizes molecular structures that are produced by the invasion of the virus. COVID-19 infection induces IgG antibodies against N protein that can be detected by serum as early as day 4 after the onset of disease and with most patients seroconverting by day 14. Laboratory evidence of clinical patients showed that a specific T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 is important for the recognition and killing of infected cells, particularly in the lungs of infected individuals. At present, there is no specific antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and the main treatments are supportive. In this review, we investigated the innate and acquired immune responses in patients who recovered from COVID-19, which could inform the design of prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapy for the future.
2020 年初出现了 COVID-19，这是一种由新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 引起的传染病，是人类的一种重要病原体。人们迫切需要更好地了解这种新病毒，并开发控制其传播的方法。在伊朗，首例 COVID-19 病例是在中国和其他国家传播后报告的。发热、咳嗽和疲劳是该病毒最常见的症状。在全球范围内，COVID-19 的潜伏期为 3 至 7 天，约 80%的感染为轻度或无症状，15%为严重，需要吸氧，5%为危急感染，需要通气。为了产生抗病毒反应，先天免疫系统识别病毒入侵产生的分子结构。COVID-19 感染诱导针对 N 蛋白的 IgG 抗体，最早可在发病后第 4 天通过血清检测到，大多数患者在第 14 天出现血清转换。临床患者的实验室证据表明，针对 SARS-CoV-2 的特异性 T 细胞反应对于识别和杀伤感染细胞很重要，特别是在感染个体的肺部。目前，COVID-19 没有特异性的抗病毒治疗方法，主要治疗方法是支持性治疗。在这篇综述中，我们研究了从 COVID-19 中康复的患者的先天和获得性免疫反应，这可以为未来预防性疫苗和免疫疗法的设计提供信息。
