大学教授职业倦怠的患病率及其相关因素
Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among university professors.
作者信息
de Araújo Leite Tatiane Isabela, Costa Fernandes João Paulo, da Costa Araújo Fernanda Letícia, de Brito Fernandes Pereira Xiankarla, de Azevedo Dulcian Medeiros, Souza Lucena Eudes Euler
机构信息
Graduate Program in Health and Society, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte - Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil.
Department of Medicine, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte - Mossoró, (RN), Brazil.
出版信息
Rev Bras Med Trab. 2020 Feb 12;17(2):170-179. doi: 10.5327/Z1679443520190385. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
Burnout is one of the main examples of health disorders directly related to work. This is a psychological syndrome that results from exposure to stressors in the workplace and represents a considerable psychosocial problem.
OBJECTIVE
To establish the prevalence of and factors associated with burnout among professors at public and private universities.
METHODS
We administered two self-report questionnaires-one for sociodemographic, psychosocial, occupational and health-related data, and the other based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey-to professors at four public and private universities in Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. We subjected the data to univariate and bivariate analysis and also fitted a logistic regression model.
RESULTS
About 60% of the participants were categorized as in the earliest stage of burnout syndrome. Having a chronic disease and teaching a large number of courses were the only variables significantly associated with burnout. The average score on domain depersonalization was significantly higher among the participants who had a second job, those who reported to need professional updating and the ones who taught a large number of courses. The average score on domain emotional exhaustion was higher among the participants with some chronic disease and those with high blood pressure.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of burnout was high in the analyzed sample of university professors. Early detection of burnout symptoms might favor early treatment.
背景
职业倦怠是与工作直接相关的健康障碍的主要例子之一。这是一种心理综合征，由工作场所的压力源导致，是一个相当严重的社会心理问题。
目的
确定公立和私立大学教授职业倦怠的患病率及其相关因素。
方法
我们向巴西北里奥格兰德州凯科市四所公立和私立大学的教授发放了两份自填式问卷，一份用于收集社会人口学、社会心理、职业和健康相关数据，另一份基于马氏职业倦怠量表-教育工作者调查。我们对数据进行了单变量和双变量分析，并拟合了逻辑回归模型。
结果
约60%的参与者被归类为处于职业倦怠综合征的最早阶段。患有慢性病和教授大量课程是与职业倦怠显著相关的仅有的变量。有第二份工作的参与者、报告需要专业更新的参与者以及教授大量课程的参与者在去个性化维度的平均得分显著更高。患有某些慢性病的参与者和患有高血压的参与者在情感耗竭维度的平均得分更高。
结论
在所分析的大学教授样本中，职业倦怠的患病率很高。早期发现职业倦怠症状可能有利于早期治疗。
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