Senizza Biancamaria, Rocchetti Gabriele, Okur Murat Ali, Zengin Gokhan, Yıldıztugay Evren, Ak Gunes, Montesano Domenico, Lucini Luigi
Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 4213 Konya, Turkey.
Foods. 2020 Apr 8;9(4):457. doi: 10.3390/foods9040457.
In this work, the phytochemical profile and the biological properties of (an unexplored Turkish cultivar belonging to Colchicaceae) have been comprehensively investigated for the first time. Herein, we focused on the evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of flower, tuber, and leaf extracts, obtained using different extraction methods, namely maceration (both aqueous and methanolic), infusion, and Soxhlet. Besides, the complete phenolic and alkaloid untargeted metabolomic profiling of the different extracts was investigated. In this regard, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) allowed us to putatively annotate 285 compounds when considering the different matrix extracts, including mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, and tyrosol equivalents. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (119 compounds), while colchicine, demecolcine, and lumicolchicine isomers were some of the most widespread alkaloids in each extract analyzed. In addition, our findings showed that tuber extracts were a superior source of both total alkaloids and total polyphenols, being on average 2.89 and 10.41 mg/g, respectively. Multivariate statistics following metabolomics allowed for the detection of those compounds most affected by the different extraction methods. Overall, extracts showed a strong in vitro antioxidant capacity, in terms of cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC; on average 96.45 mg Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power (on average 66.86 mg TE/g). Interestingly, each methanolic extract analyzed (i.e., from tuber, leaf, and flower) was active against the tyrosinase in terms of inhibition, recording the higher values for methanolic macerated leaves (i.e., 125.78 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g). On the other hand, moderate inhibitory activities were observed against AChE and α-amylase. Strong correlations ( < 0.01) were also observed between the phytochemical profiles and the biological activities determined. Therefore, our findings highlighted, for the first time, the potential of extracts in food and pharmaceutical applications.
在本研究中，首次对（一种未被探索的属于秋水仙科的土耳其栽培品种）的植物化学特征和生物学特性进行了全面研究。在此，我们着重评估了采用不同提取方法（即浸渍法（水浸和甲醇浸）、冲泡法和索氏提取法）获得的花、块茎和叶提取物的体外抗氧化和酶抑制作用。此外，还对不同提取物进行了完整的酚类和生物碱非靶向代谢组学分析。在这方面，超高效液相色谱与四极杆飞行时间质谱联用（UHPLC-QTOF-MS）使我们在考虑不同基质提取物时能够推定注释285种化合物，主要包括生物碱、黄酮类化合物、木脂素、酚酸和酪醇当量。含量最丰富的多酚是黄酮类化合物（119种化合物），而秋水仙碱、去甲秋水仙碱和光秋水仙碱异构体是每种分析提取物中分布最广泛的一些生物碱。此外，我们的研究结果表明，块茎提取物是总生物碱和总多酚的优质来源，平均含量分别为2.89毫克/克和10.41毫克/克。代谢组学之后的多变量统计分析能够检测出受不同提取方法影响最大的那些化合物。总体而言，提取物在铜离子还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC；平均96.45毫克 Trolox当量（TE）/克）和铁离子还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）还原能力（平均66.86毫克TE/克）方面表现出较强的体外抗氧化能力。有趣的是，所分析的每种甲醇提取物（即来自块茎、叶和花的提取物）在抑制方面对酪氨酸酶均有活性，甲醇浸渍叶提取物的值最高（即125.78毫克曲酸当量（KAE）/克）。另一方面，观察到对乙酰胆碱酯酶和α-淀粉酶有中等抑制活性。在所测定的植物化学特征和生物学活性之间也观察到强相关性（<0.01）。因此，我们的研究结果首次突出了提取物在食品和制药应用中的潜力。
