Liu Chen-Hsuan, Hsu Yung-Hsiang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
Tzu Chi Med J. 2007 Sep;19(3):127-133. doi: 10.1016/S1016-3190(10)60004-3. Epub 2010 Feb 20.
Emerging and re-emerging zoonoses have raised great concerns in both human and animal health worldwide in the past 20 years. Rudolph Virchow proposed a "one medicine" discipline and emphasized the importance of cooperation 150 years ago. In the face of emerging threats from unpredictable zoonoses, human medicine and veterinary medicine should not be separate and independent sciences. Anatomic pathologists who are capable of analyzing and interpreting anatomical manifestations of diseases to obtain a definite diagnosis or exclude a wide variety of diseases play an important role in the diagnostic team. Although disease-associated microbes are numerous, morphologic patterns of tissue reaction caused by microbes are limited. Therefore, the interactions between microbes and host determine the histological changes in the target tissues. The contributions of anatomic pathology, with its use of morphologic similarities and special techniques, are important in zoonosis diagnosis. This can be seen in retrospective case studies of recent zoonoses such as multinucleated syncytial giant cells in severe acute respiratory syndrome and mouse hepatitis virus infection, syncytial cells in infection and paramyxovirus, neuronal vacuolation in bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and type 2 meningitis. In Taiwan, the Chinese Society for Comparative Pathology, which was established in 1994, provides for this interaction. Interlaboratory cooperation plays an important role in the diagnosis, surveillance, and control of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses.
在过去20年里，新出现和再度出现的人畜共患病已在全球范围内引起了对人类和动物健康的高度关注。150年前，鲁道夫·菲尔绍提出了“同一医学”学科，并强调了合作的重要性。面对来自不可预测的人畜共患病的新威胁，人类医学和兽医学不应是相互分离和独立的学科。能够分析和解释疾病的解剖学表现以获得明确诊断或排除多种疾病的解剖病理学家在诊断团队中发挥着重要作用。尽管与疾病相关的微生物众多，但微生物引起的组织反应的形态学模式却很有限。因此，微生物与宿主之间的相互作用决定了靶组织中的组织学变化。解剖病理学利用形态学相似性和特殊技术所做出的贡献在人畜共患病诊断中很重要。这在近期人畜共患病的回顾性病例研究中可见一斑，如严重急性呼吸综合征和小鼠肝炎病毒感染中的多核合胞体巨细胞、感染和副粘病毒中的合胞体细胞、牛海绵状脑病和变异型克雅氏病中的神经元空泡化以及2型脑膜炎。在台湾，1994年成立的中国比较病理学会促进了这种互动。实验室间合作在新出现和再度出现的人畜共患病的诊断、监测和控制中发挥着重要作用。
