Valerio Sallent Lluís, Roure Díez Sílvia, Fernández Rivas Gema
PROSICS Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
PROSICS Metropolitana Nord, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
Med Clin (Engl Ed). 2016 Oct 7;147(7):300-305. doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2016.10.022. Epub 2016 Nov 17.
Zika virus belongs to the , an extended phylogenetic family containing dengue or yellow fever, viruses whose shared main vector are mosquitoes. The virus originally came from Central African simian reservoirs and, from there, expanded rapidly across the Pacific to South America. The disease is an example of exantematic fever usually mild. Mortality is very low and mainly limited to secondary Guillain-Barré or foetal microcephaly cases. Diagnostic confirmation requires a RT-PCR in blood up to the 5th day from the onset or in urine up to the 10-14th day. Specific IgM are identifiable from the 5th symptomatic day. Clinically, a suspected case should comply with: (a) a journey to epidemic areas; (b) a clinically compatible appearance with fever and skin rash, and (c) a generally normal blood count/basic biochemistry. There is some evidence that causally relates Zika virus infection with foetal microcephaly. While waiting for definitive data, all pregnant women coming from Central or South America should be tested for Zika virus.
寨卡病毒属于黄病毒属，这是一个进化关系较远的病毒家族，包含登革热病毒或黄热病毒，它们的主要传播媒介都是蚊子。该病毒最初源自中非的灵长类动物宿主，随后迅速从那里传播至太平洋彼岸，抵达南美洲。这种疾病是一种通常较为轻微的发疹性发热疾病。死亡率非常低，主要局限于继发性吉兰 - 巴雷综合征或胎儿小头畸形病例。诊断确认需要在发病后5天内采集血液进行逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测，或在发病后10 - 14天内采集尿液进行检测。从出现症状的第5天起可检测到特异性IgM。临床上，疑似病例应符合以下条件：（a）有前往疫区的旅行史；（b）临床表现符合发热和皮疹症状；（c）血常规/基础生化指标一般正常。有一些证据表明寨卡病毒感染与胎儿小头畸形存在因果关系。在等待确凿数据期间，所有来自中美洲或南美洲的孕妇都应接受寨卡病毒检测。
