Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
Turk J Med Sci. 2020 Apr 21;50(SI-1):592-603. doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-174.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was firstly reported at the end of 2019. The disease rapidly spread all around the world in a few months and was declared a worldwide pandemic by WHO in March 2020. By April 9, there were 1,436,198 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world, nearly with 6% mortality rate. This novel infectious disease causes respiratory tract illness that may generally occur as mild upper respiratory tract disease or pneumonia. In older patients and/or patients with underlying conditions, it may result in acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi organ failure and even death. According to the current literature, children account approximately for 1%–5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases. Generally, COVID-19 seems to be a less severe disease for children than adults. Approximately 90% of pediatric patients are diagnosed as asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease. However, up to 6.7% of cases may be severe. Severe illness is generally seen in patients smaller than 1 year of age and patients who have underlying disesases. The epidemiological and clinical patterns of COVID-19 and treatment approaches in pediatric patients still remain unclear although many pediatric reports are published. This review aims to summarize the current epidemics, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 in pediatric patients.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）于 2019 年底首次报告。该疾病在短短几个月内迅速在全球范围内传播，并于 2020 年 3 月被世界卫生组织宣布为全球大流行。截至 4 月 9 日，全球已确诊 COVID-19 病例 1436198 例，死亡率接近 6%。这种新型传染病会引起呼吸道疾病，通常表现为轻度上呼吸道疾病或肺炎。在老年患者和/或有基础疾病的患者中，可能导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征、多器官衰竭甚至死亡。根据目前的文献，儿童约占确诊 COVID-19 病例的 1%-5%。一般来说，COVID-19 对儿童的严重程度似乎低于成人。大约 90%的儿科患者被诊断为无症状、轻度或中度疾病。然而，高达 6.7%的病例可能是严重的。严重疾病一般见于 1 岁以下的患者和有基础疾病的患者。尽管发表了许多儿科报告，但 COVID-19 在儿科患者中的流行病学和临床模式以及治疗方法仍不清楚。本综述旨在总结 COVID-19 在儿科患者中的当前流行情况、临床表现、诊断和治疗。
