National Institute of Technology Raipur, Department of Biotechnology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India.
National Institute of Technology Raipur, Department of Biotechnology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Aug 15;157:577-583. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.084. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
Polysaccharides are essential natural metabolites found in all life forms such as microorganisms, animals and plants with various biochemical structures and biological functions. Among all the life forms microbial exopolysaccharides are produced in shorter time duration as they responsible for the microbial cell adhesion and protection during unfavorable growth conditions. Microbial exopolysaccharides are composed of repeated sugar units of same or different types and form a complex by associating with proteins, lipids, metal ions, extracellular DNA (eDNA), organic and inorganic compounds to form a protective layer around the microbial colonies collectively known as biofilm. Specific functions of exopolysaccharides depend on structural composition and habitat of a host microorganism. There are various techniques to study the composition and structure of exopolysaccharides such as High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection, Size Exclusion Chromatography coupled with multi-laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS),X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), etc. In the current article, we reviewed microbial exopolysaccharides physiochemical properties, composition, analyzing techniques through which possible commercial applications in dairy products, cosmetics, research, agriculture and petroleum industry can be performed.
多糖是所有生命形式（如微生物、动物和植物）中必不可少的天然代谢物，具有各种生化结构和生物功能。在所有生命形式中，微生物胞外多糖的产生时间更短，因为它们负责在不利的生长条件下微生物细胞的黏附和保护。微生物胞外多糖由相同或不同类型的重复糖单位组成，并通过与蛋白质、脂质、金属离子、细胞外 DNA（eDNA）、有机和无机化合物结合形成一个复杂的结构，共同构成微生物菌落周围的保护层，统称为生物膜。胞外多糖的特定功能取决于宿主微生物的结构组成和栖息地。有各种技术可用于研究胞外多糖的组成和结构，例如高效阴离子交换色谱与脉冲安培检测、体积排阻色谱与多激光光散射（SEC-MALLS）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和热重分析（TGA）等。在本文中，我们综述了微生物胞外多糖的物理化学性质、组成，并通过这些分析技术，探讨了其在乳制品、化妆品、研究、农业和石油工业等领域的潜在商业应用。
