Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2021 Dec;29(6):696-710. doi: 10.1037/pha0000378. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
Delay discounting reflects the systematic reduction in the value of a consequence by delay to delivery. Theoretical and empirical work suggests that delay discounting is a key behavioral mechanism underlying substance use disorder. Existing work on cannabis use, however, is mixed with many studies reporting null results. The purpose of this review was to provide an in-depth assessment of the association between delay discounting and cannabis use. We conducted metaregression analyses to determine the omnibus correlation between delay discounting and cannabis use, and to evaluate task-based and sample-based moderators. Studies included evaluated an association between delay discounting and cannabis quantity-frequency or severity measures in human participants (27 studies, 61 effect sizes, 24,782 participants). A robust variance estimation method was used to account for dependence among effect sizes. A significant, but small, omnibus effect was observed ( = .082) in which greater cannabis use frequency or severity was associated with greater discounting. Incentive structure and outcome type were each significant moderators in a multiple moderator model such that incentivized tasks correlated with severity measures showed stronger associations ( = .234) than hypothetical tasks correlated with quantity-frequency measures ( = .029). Comparisons to historic effect size data supported the hypothesis that, at present, the relationship between cannabis use and delay discounting appears empirically smaller than for other substances. Future work should explore theoretical rationales explaining this modest relationship involving cannabis use and delay discounting, such as reflecting the smaller magnitude of perceived long-term clinical outcomes associated with cannabis compared to other substances. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
延迟折扣反映了随着时间的推移，对结果的价值的系统减少。理论和实证工作表明，延迟折扣是物质使用障碍的关键行为机制。然而，现有的大麻使用研究结果喜忧参半，许多研究报告结果为零。本综述的目的是对延迟折扣与大麻使用之间的关联进行深入评估。我们进行了荟萃回归分析，以确定延迟折扣与大麻使用之间的总体相关性，并评估基于任务和基于样本的调节因素。纳入的研究评估了人类参与者中延迟折扣与大麻数量-频率或严重程度测量之间的关联（27 项研究，61 个效应量，24782 名参与者）。使用稳健的方差估计方法来解释效应量之间的依赖性。观察到一个显著的，但很小的总体效应（ =.082），即大麻使用频率或严重程度越高，折扣越大。激励结构和结果类型在多因素调节模型中都是显著的调节因素，因此激励任务与严重程度测量相关的关联（ =.234）强于假设任务与数量-频率测量相关的关联（ =.029）。与历史效应量数据的比较支持了这样一种假设，即目前大麻使用和延迟折扣之间的关系在经验上似乎比其他物质小。未来的工作应该探索解释大麻使用和延迟折扣之间这种适度关系的理论依据，例如反映出与其他物质相比，与大麻相关的长期临床结果的感知程度较小。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
