Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Behavior and Neurotechnologies, Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
Laboratory of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
Molecules. 2020 Apr 16;25(8):1819. doi: 10.3390/molecules25081819.
The search for lipid-lowering drugs is important for clinical medicine. This review summarizes our research findings regarding the hypolipidemic activity of polysaccharides. There are several validated agents altering lipid levels which reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Nonetheless, for many people, the risk of such an event remains unacceptably high despite treatment with these agents. This situation has prompted the search for new therapies to reduce the residual cardiovascular risk. The lipid-lowering effect of β-glucans consumed with food was demonstrated in patients with atherosclerosis. The mechanism of the protective effect of β-glucans is poorly studied. The effects of β-glucans are mediated by Toll-like receptors, by dectin-1, and possibly by other receptors. Nevertheless, the mechanism of the protective action of β-glucan in lipemic mice has been studied insufficiently. This review will present up-to-date information regarding experimental hypolipidemic polysaccharide compounds that hold promise for medicine. Phagocyte-specific chitotriosidase in humans contributes to innate immune responses against chitin-containing fungi. This enzyme has been first described in patients with Gaucher disease and serves as an important diagnostic biomarker. It has been reported that, in mice, chitin particles of certain size are recognized by macrophages through Toll-like receptors, dectin-1, and to a lesser extent through mannose receptor.
寻找降脂药物对于临床医学非常重要。本综述总结了我们关于多糖类物质降脂活性的研究结果。有几种经证实的药物可以改变血脂水平，从而降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管事件的风险。尽管如此，尽管这些药物在治疗中，许多人的这种风险仍然高得无法接受。这种情况促使人们寻找新的治疗方法来降低剩余的心血管风险。食用β-葡聚糖可降低动脉粥样硬化患者的血脂水平。β-葡聚糖的保护作用机制尚未得到充分研究。β-葡聚糖的作用是通过 Toll 样受体、dectin-1 介导的，可能还有其他受体介导的。然而，β-葡聚糖在高脂血症小鼠中的保护作用机制尚未得到充分研究。本综述将介绍最新的关于有希望用于医学的实验性降脂多糖化合物的信息。人类吞噬细胞特异性几丁质酶在对抗含几丁质的真菌的天然免疫反应中发挥作用。这种酶最初在戈谢病患者中被描述，是一种重要的诊断生物标志物。据报道，在小鼠中，某些大小的几丁质颗粒通过 Toll 样受体、dectin-1（以及在较小程度上通过甘露糖受体）被巨噬细胞识别。
