Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 16;17(8):2760. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082760.
Sleep problems in university students are important and have implications for health, quality of life, and academic performance. Using an ex post facto design, a total sample of 855 students (55.7% women) participated in the study. Sleep assessment was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Nightmare Frequency Scale, the Nightmare Proneness Scale, and the Composite Morningness Scale. Women show a higher risk [OR = 2.61] of presenting poor sleep quality (> 5 points on the PSQI) compared with men ( < 0.001). Similarly, women reported a greater frequency of nightmares ( < 0.001, = 0.60), greater propensity for nightmares ( < 0.001, = 0.70) and a higher score on Item-5h of the PSQI regarding nightmares ( < 0.001, = 0.59). Women, compared with men, show higher risk [OR = 2.84] for a sleep disorder related to nightmares ( = 0.012). Women need more time to reach a state of alertness after getting up ( = 0.022), and there was an interaction between sex and the alertness factor when evaluating the subjective quality of sleep ( = 0.030). Women show worse sleep quality and a higher frequency and propensity for suffering nightmares. When considering the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance, it is observed that students with poor sleep quality obtain lower academic scores (M = 7.21, SD = 0.805) than those with good sleep quality (M = 7.32, SD = 0.685), an effect that reaches significance ( = 2.116, = 0.035). Regarding the relationship between the categorized chronotype and academic performance, students with a morning chronotype achieve better academic results (M = 7.41, SD = 0.89) than their evening counterparts (M = 7.15, SD = 0.76), although these differences have a small effect size ( = 0.31).
大学生睡眠问题很重要，会影响健康、生活质量和学业成绩。本研究采用回顾性设计，共纳入 855 名学生（55.7%为女性）参与研究。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、噩梦频率量表、噩梦倾向量表和综合晨型量表评估睡眠。与男性相比，女性发生睡眠质量差（PSQI>5 分）的风险更高[OR=2.61]（<0.001）。同样，女性报告噩梦的频率更高（<0.001，=0.60）、噩梦倾向更高（<0.001，=0.70）以及 PSQI 中关于噩梦的第 5h 项得分更高（<0.001，=0.59）。与男性相比，女性发生与噩梦相关的睡眠障碍的风险更高[OR=2.84]（=0.012）。女性醒来后达到警觉状态需要更多的时间（=0.022），在评估睡眠主观质量时，性别与警觉因素之间存在交互作用（=0.030）。女性的睡眠质量较差，噩梦的频率和倾向更高。考虑到睡眠质量与学业成绩的关系，发现睡眠质量差的学生学业成绩较低（M=7.21，SD=0.805），而睡眠质量好的学生（M=7.32，SD=0.685），这种差异具有统计学意义（=2.116，=0.035）。关于分类时型与学业成绩的关系，晨型学生的学业成绩优于晚型学生（M=7.41，SD=0.89），但这些差异的效应量较小（=0.31）。
