Ritchie Cayde, Ko Edmund Y
Department of Urology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Andrologia. 2021 Feb;53(1):e13581. doi: 10.1111/and.13581. Epub 2020 Apr 23.
The effects of reactive oxygen species on male fertility are governed by the oxidative paradox, defined by a delicate balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. When regulated appropriately, reactive oxygen species ensure effective function; however, when uninhibited, they represent key players in male factor infertility. Mechanisms responsible for this include oxidative destruction of sperm lipid membranes, damage to gamete DNA both by gene mutation and by direct breakdown of the DNA backbone, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death. Utilizing various male pathologies as case studies, we see ways in which oxidative stress has the potential to impact fertility in a negative way. Varicocele, erectile dysfunction, testicular cancer and even idiopathic male infertility highlight common mechanistic pathways, as well as subtle variations in the ways reactive oxygen species can operate. Oxidative biomarkers have emerged to better study male infertility, predict reproductive success and modify assisted reproductive technologies to minimize oxidative stress.
活性氧对男性生育能力的影响受氧化悖论的支配，氧化悖论是由氧化应激与抗氧化能力之间的微妙平衡所定义的。当得到适当调节时，活性氧可确保有效功能；然而，当不受抑制时，它们是男性因素不育的关键因素。造成这种情况的机制包括精子脂质膜的氧化破坏、通过基因突变和DNA主链直接断裂对配子DNA的损伤、线粒体功能障碍和凋亡性细胞死亡。通过将各种男性病理状况作为案例研究，我们可以看到氧化应激可能以负面方式影响生育能力的途径。精索静脉曲张、勃起功能障碍、睾丸癌甚至特发性男性不育突出了常见的机制途径，以及活性氧发挥作用方式的细微差异。氧化生物标志物已出现，以更好地研究男性不育、预测生殖成功率并改进辅助生殖技术，以尽量减少氧化应激。
