Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(7):1201-1211. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1755220. Epub 2020 Apr 24.
Menopausal transition is associated with weight gain and increased visceral fat distribution, which acts as an endocrine organ secreting the pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, which leads to metabolic disorders typical of menopause, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Given the increasing number of aging population, the nutritional strategies to prevent obesity and obesity-related diseases in menopausal women is becoming a growing need and it should be one of the main objective for Nutritionists. The Mediterranean diet is characterized from foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, such as extra-virgin olive oil, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, red wine, and whole-grain cereals. Several evidences showed that the Mediterranean diet acts on both weight control and menopause, in addition to the known effects of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is comparable with pharmacological interventions in terms of reducing the risk of obesity and cardiovascular and metabolic events. Considering that there are no specific dietary guidelines to manage weight in menopause, the aim of this review is to provide a nutritional guideline for the management of weight in menopause, particularly focusing on the Mediterranean diet.
更年期过渡与体重增加和内脏脂肪分布增加有关，后者作为内分泌器官分泌促炎脂肪细胞因子，导致典型的更年期代谢紊乱，包括 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病。鉴于人口老龄化的增加，预防更年期妇女肥胖和肥胖相关疾病的营养策略正成为一种日益增长的需求，它应该是营养师的主要目标之一。地中海饮食的特点是具有抗炎和抗氧化作用的食物，如特级初榨橄榄油、蔬菜、水果、豆类、坚果、红酒和全谷物。有几项证据表明，地中海饮食对体重控制和更年期都有作用，除了地中海饮食对心血管和代谢疾病的已知影响外。地中海饮食在降低肥胖和心血管及代谢事件风险方面可与药物干预相媲美。考虑到更年期没有专门的饮食指南来管理体重，本综述的目的是提供一种管理更年期体重的营养指南，特别是侧重于地中海饮食。
