Durko Andras P, Yacoub Magdi H, Kluin Jolanda
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020 Apr 15;7:55. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00055. eCollection 2020.
In cardiovascular surgery, reconstruction and replacement of cardiac and vascular structures are routinely performed. Prosthetic or biological materials traditionally used for this purpose cannot be considered ideal substitutes as they have limited durability and no growth or regeneration potential. Tissue engineering aims to create materials having normal tissue function including capacity for growth and self-repair. These advanced materials can potentially overcome the shortcomings of conventionally used materials, and, if successfully passing all phases of product development, they might provide a better option for both the pediatric and adult patient population requiring cardiovascular interventions. This short review article overviews the most important cardiovascular pathologies where tissue engineered materials could be used, briefly summarizes the main directions of development of these materials, and discusses the hurdles in their clinical translation. At its beginnings in the 1980s, tissue engineering (TE) was defined as " (1). Currently, the utility of TE products and materials are being investigated in several fields of human medicine, ranging from orthopedics to cardiovascular surgery (2-5). In cardiovascular surgery, reconstruction and replacement of cardiac and vascular structures are routinely performed. Considering the shortcomings of traditionally used materials, the need for advanced materials that can "restore, maintain or improve tissue function" are evident. Tissue engineered substitutes, having growth and regenerative capacity, could fundamentally change the specialty (6). This article overviews the most important cardiovascular pathologies where TE materials could be used, briefly summarizes the main directions of development of TE materials along with their advantages and shortcomings, and discusses the hurdles in their clinical translation.
在心血管外科手术中，心脏和血管结构的重建与置换是常规操作。传统上用于此目的的人工合成或生物材料不能被视为理想的替代品，因为它们的耐久性有限，且没有生长或再生潜力。组织工程旨在制造具有正常组织功能（包括生长和自我修复能力）的材料。这些先进材料有可能克服传统使用材料的缺点，并且，如果成功通过产品开发的所有阶段，它们可能为需要心血管干预的儿科和成年患者群体提供更好的选择。这篇简短的综述文章概述了可使用组织工程材料的最重要的心血管疾病，简要总结了这些材料的主要发展方向，并讨论了它们临床转化过程中的障碍。在20世纪80年代组织工程诞生之初，它被定义为“（1）。目前，组织工程产品和材料在人类医学的多个领域，从骨科到心血管外科，都在进行研究（2 - 5）。在心血管外科手术中，心脏和血管结构的重建与置换是常规操作。考虑到传统使用材料的缺点，显然需要能够“恢复、维持或改善组织功能”的先进材料。具有生长和再生能力的组织工程替代品可能会从根本上改变这一专业领域（6）。本文概述了可使用组织工程材料的最重要的心血管疾病，简要总结了组织工程材料的主要发展方向及其优缺点，并讨论了它们临床转化过程中的障碍。
