Pennington Biomedical Research Center, United States.
Institute of Public and Preventive Health, United States.
J Sci Med Sport. 2020 Dec;23(12):1185-1190. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.06.021. Epub 2020 Jul 5.
To examine the association among 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and fundamental motor skills (FMS) in preschoolers.
Prospective cohort study with one-year follow-up.
Parents of 3-4-year-old children reported child age, sex, race, and time spent viewing screens (hours/day). Accelerometers measured preschooler physical activity (PA) and sleep. The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines were examined (≥3 h/day total PA including ≥1 h/day of moderate-to-vigorous [MVPA], 10-13 h/day of sleep, and ≤1 h/day of screen-time). Trained researchers administered the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3) to assess FMS. Linear regression was used to assess guidelines met and raw locomotor, ball skills, and total TGMD-3 scores with adjustment for covariates.
One hundred and seven preschoolers provided complete cross-sectional data, and 53 preschoolers provided complete longitudinal data. Of the 107 preschoolers, they were 3.4 ± 0.6 years of age, 44% were male, 50% were White, and the mean age-and-sex adjusted TGMD-3 total score percentile was below average (41 ± 22). Many preschoolers met the PA guideline (91%) and sleep guideline (83%), but few preschoolers met the screen-time guideline (8%) or all three guidelines (6%). MVPA was positively associated with locomotor and total TGMD-3 scores in cross-sectional analysis (p < 0.05 for all). Baseline PA, sleep, and screen-time were associated with total TGMD-3 score at follow-up (p < 0.05 for all). Meeting the screen-time guideline and all three guidelines at baseline were each positively associated with total TGMD-3 score at follow-up (p < 0.05 for all).
Each movement behavior contributed to later FMS. Promotion of adequate movement behaviors is warranted for child health.
研究 24 小时运动指南与学龄前儿童基本运动技能（FMS）之间的关系。
前瞻性队列研究，随访一年。
父母报告 3-4 岁儿童的年龄、性别、种族以及观看屏幕的时间（小时/天）。加速度计测量学龄前儿童的身体活动（PA）和睡眠。检查 24 小时运动指南（≥3 小时/天的总 PA，包括≥1 小时/天的中等到剧烈活动[MVPA]、10-13 小时/天的睡眠和≤1 小时/天的屏幕时间）。经过培训的研究人员使用第三代粗大运动发育测试（TGMD-3）评估 FMS。线性回归用于评估指南的遵守情况以及原始的运动技能、球技和 TGMD-3 总分，同时调整协变量。
107 名学龄前儿童提供了完整的横断面数据，53 名学龄前儿童提供了完整的纵向数据。在 107 名学龄前儿童中，他们的年龄为 3.4±0.6 岁，44%为男性，50%为白人，年龄和性别调整后的 TGMD-3 总分百分位数低于平均水平（41±22）。许多学龄前儿童符合 PA 指南（91%）和睡眠指南（83%），但很少有学龄前儿童符合屏幕时间指南（8%）或所有三项指南（6%）。MVPA 在横断面分析中与运动技能和 TGMD-3 总分呈正相关（所有 p 值<0.05）。基线 PA、睡眠和屏幕时间与随访时的 TGMD-3 总分相关（所有 p 值<0.05）。基线时符合屏幕时间指南和所有三项指南与随访时的 TGMD-3 总分呈正相关（所有 p 值<0.05）。
每项运动行为都与后来的 FMS 有关。促进足够的运动行为是儿童健康所必需的。
