Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Vice-chancellor for Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2020 May 8;20(1):646. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08814-2.
Earthquakes are one of the most destructive natural disasters in which many people are injured, disabled, or died. Iran has only 1 % of the world's population, but the percentage of its earthquake-related deaths is absolutely higher. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of earthquake preparedness of households and its predictors using the Health Belief Model (HBM).
This observational descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 933 households in Hamadan province, located in the west of Iran, in 2019. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used for selecting the participants. The inclusion criteria were being at least 18 years old and being able to answer the questions. A questionnaire was used for data collection including earthquake preparedness, awareness of earthquake response, predictors of earthquake preparedness based on the HBM, and demographic information. Analysis of variance, independent t-test, and a linear regression model was used.
The mean age of participants was 38.24 ± 12.85 years. The average score of earthquake preparedness was low (approximately 30%). There was a significant relationship between earthquake preparedness and gender (P < 0.001), homeownership (P < 0.001), marriage status (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001), and previous earthquake experience (P < 0.001). Regarding the HBM constructs, perceived benefits (P < 0.001), cues to action (P < 0.001), and self-efficacy (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of earthquake preparedness.
Earthquake preparedness was insufficient. Besides, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy were predictors of earthquake preparedness. These predictors can be taken into account, for designing and implementing related future interventions.
地震是最具破坏性的自然灾害之一，许多人因此受伤、残疾或死亡。伊朗的人口仅占世界的 1%，但其地震相关死亡人数的比例却绝对更高。因此，本研究旨在使用健康信念模型（HBM）确定家庭的地震准备水平及其预测因素。
这是一项观察性描述性和分析性研究，于 2019 年在伊朗西部的哈马丹省对 933 户家庭进行了调查。采用多阶段聚类随机抽样法选择参与者。纳入标准为年龄至少 18 岁且能够回答问题。使用问卷收集数据，包括地震准备情况、对地震反应的认识、基于 HBM 的地震准备预测因素以及人口统计学信息。使用方差分析、独立 t 检验和线性回归模型进行分析。
参与者的平均年龄为 38.24±12.85 岁。地震准备的平均得分为较低（约 30%）。地震准备程度与性别（P<0.001）、住房所有权（P<0.001）、婚姻状况（P<0.001）、教育程度（P<0.001）和以前的地震经历（P<0.001）之间存在显著关系。关于 HBM 结构，感知益处（P<0.001）、行动线索（P<0.001）和自我效能（P<0.001）是地震准备的显著预测因素。
地震准备不足。此外，感知益处、行动线索和自我效能是地震准备的预测因素。这些预测因素可以考虑在内，以设计和实施相关的未来干预措施。
