甲型肝炎：流行病学、自然史、不常见临床表现和预防。
Hepatitis A: Epidemiology, Natural History, Unusual Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention.
机构信息
Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 West Lombard Street Suite, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, 22 South Greene Street, N3W156, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, 725 West Lombard Street Suite, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
出版信息
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2020 Jun;49(2):191-199. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.01.002. Epub 2020 Mar 29.
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that is transmitted feco-orally through person-to-person contact. Outbreaks are often linked to poor sanitation, overcrowding, or food and water contamination. Infection is often asymptomatic in children, but adults present with jaundice, abdominal pain, hepatitis, and hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnosis is through detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies against HAV, and treatment is supportive. Vaccination is the mainstay of prevention and should be given before exposure whenever possible.
摘要
甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）是一种通过粪-口途径经人与人接触传播的正链 RNA 病毒。暴发通常与卫生条件差、过度拥挤或食物和水污染有关。儿童感染通常无症状，但成年人会出现黄疸、腹痛、肝炎和高胆红素血症。诊断通过检测针对 HAV 的免疫球蛋白 M 抗体进行，治疗为支持性治疗。疫苗接种是预防的主要手段，应尽可能在接触前进行。
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