Curr Probl Cardiol. 2021 Mar;46(3):100582. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100582. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
As part of a population-based approach to combating obesity, the American Heart Association has published specific dietary guidelines for the management of obesity and cardiovascular disease prevention. These guidelines give a primary view of healthy dietary changes and goals which may reduce cardiovascular risk. The American Heart Association guideline on Cardiovascular Prevention focuses on the benefits of a Plant-Based Diet and the Mediterranean diet. In addition to these recommendations, several other diets exist with variable long-term cardiovascular outcomes. In recent years, the ketogenic and intermittent fasting diets have been emerging and have garnered their own respective followings as weight loss strategies, and we will include them in our discussion of the potential long-term benefits related to cardiovascular risks. As the guidelines emphasize, all of the diets we will cover throughout this review must be discussed at the level of the individual patient with their primary care provider, and cannot be exercised without informed consent regarding the potential outcomes. Further research is required, and caution is advised before prescribing any of these diets to patients in the long-term, due to the potential to exacerbate cardiovascular risk factors.
作为以人群为基础的对抗肥胖的方法的一部分，美国心脏协会已经发布了针对肥胖和心血管疾病预防的管理的具体饮食指南。这些指南主要关注健康饮食的改变和目标，这些改变和目标可能会降低心血管风险。美国心脏协会关于心血管预防的指南侧重于植物性饮食和地中海饮食的益处。除了这些建议之外，还有其他几种饮食方法具有不同的长期心血管结局。近年来，生酮饮食和间歇性禁食饮食逐渐兴起，并作为减肥策略获得了各自的追随者，我们将在讨论与心血管风险相关的潜在长期益处时包括这些饮食方法。正如指南所强调的，在本综述中，我们将涵盖的所有饮食方法都必须在个体患者及其初级保健提供者的层面上进行讨论，并且在没有关于潜在结果的知情同意的情况下，不能在没有知情同意的情况下进行。由于这些饮食方法可能会加剧心血管风险因素，因此需要进一步研究，并建议在长期内对患者开出这些饮食方法时要谨慎。
