Active Living Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
School of Surveying, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 10;17(9):3318. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093318.
Active transport to or from school presents an opportunity for adolescents to engage in daily physical activity. Multiple factors influence whether adolescents actively travel to/from school. Creating safe walking and cycling routes to school is a promising strategy to increase rates of active transport. This article presents a comprehensive conceptual framework for modelling safe walking and cycling routes to high schools. The framework has been developed based on several existing relevant frameworks including (a) ecological models, (b) the "Five Es" (engineering, education, enforcement, encouragement, and evaluation) framework of transport planning, and (c) a travel mode choice framework for school travel. The framework identifies built environment features (land use mix, pedestrian/cycling infrastructure, neighbourhood aesthetics, and accessibility to local facilities) and traffic safety factors (traffic volume and speed, safe road crossings, and quality of path surface) to be considered when modelling safe walking/cycling routes to high schools. Future research should test this framework using real-world data in different geographical settings and with a combination of tools for the assessment of both macro-scale and micro-scale built environment features. To be effective, the modelling and creation of safe routes to high schools should be complemented by other interventions, including education, enforcement, and encouragement in order to minimise safety concerns and promote active transport.
青少年上下学的主动交通为他们参与日常身体活动提供了机会。多种因素影响青少年是否主动上下学。为增加主动交通的比例，创建通往学校的安全步行和骑行路线是一项很有前景的策略。本文提出了一个综合概念框架，用于对高中的安全步行和骑行路线进行建模。该框架是基于几个现有相关框架制定的，包括（a）生态模型，（b）交通规划的“五要素”（工程、教育、执法、鼓励和评估）框架，以及（c）用于学校出行的交通方式选择框架。该框架确定了在对高中的安全步行/骑行路线建模时需要考虑的建成环境特征（土地利用混合、行人和/或自行车基础设施、社区美观和当地设施可达性）和交通安全因素（交通量和速度、安全的道路交叉口和路径表面质量）。未来的研究应该使用不同地理环境中的真实世界数据以及用于评估宏观和微观尺度建成环境特征的组合工具，来测试该框架。为了有效，对通往高中的安全路线的建模和创建应该辅以其他干预措施，包括教育、执法和鼓励，以尽量减少安全隐患并促进主动交通。
