Department of Senior Citizen Care and Welfare, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203, Taiwan.
School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 144, Taiwan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 10;17(9):3319. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093319.
This study employed the International Osteoporosis Foundation's One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test to examine factors related to the osteoporosis risk of institutional caregivers. In this cross-sectional study, a self-developed structured questionnaire comprising the One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test was used to obtain data on the caregivers' demographic data, health habits, working style, and osteoporosis risk. Seven disability welfare institutions were selected as research sites, and 465 copies of questionnaires were distributed to the institutions' employees, with 455 valid responses collected for a valid return rate of 98%. SPSS for Windows (Version 20.0) was used to analyze questionnaire data; descriptive-statistical frequency, a χ test, and logistic regression were used to determine the correlation between demographic data, health habits, working style, and osteoporosis risk. The results revealed that primary risk factors include < 30 min of daily exercise (38%), lack of dairy product or calcium tablet intake (28%), and < 10 min of daily outdoor activity or not taking vitamin D supplements (29.9%). In total, 395 (86.8%) of the respondents scored less than 5 in the osteoporosis risk test; the remaining 60 (13.2%) scored 5 or higher, revealing a high risk of early osteoporosis. An independent variable analysis revealed that the risk factors of early osteoporosis include age, education level, having undergone bone density tests, prior disease diagnosis, long-term medication use, physical fitness, dietary habits, and average time of exposure to sunlight. In the multivariate analysis, poor physical fitness (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-4.27, p = 0.023) and average daily time of exposure to sunlight (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.59-2.59, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with osteoporosis risk. In other words, respondents with poor physical fitness were 2.18 times as likely to have osteoporosis as those with good physical fitness, and those exposed to sunlight for 30 min or longer every day were 0.24 times as likely to have osteoporosis as those exposed to sunlight for less than 30 min every day. Accordingly, institutions must encourage employees to spend more time in the sun every day and improve their physical fitness through exercise.
本研究采用国际骨质疏松基金会的一分钟骨质疏松风险测试（One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test），探讨与机构照护者骨质疏松风险相关的因素。本横断面研究使用自行设计的包含一分钟骨质疏松风险测试的结构化问卷，获取了照护者的人口统计学数据、健康习惯、工作方式和骨质疏松风险等资料。选择了 7 家残障福利机构作为研究地点，向机构员工发放了 465 份问卷，回收了 455 份有效问卷，有效回收率为 98%。采用 Windows 版 SPSS（版本 20.0）分析问卷数据；采用描述性统计频率、卡方检验和 logistic 回归分析，确定人口统计学数据、健康习惯、工作方式与骨质疏松风险之间的相关性。结果显示，主要的风险因素包括每天运动时间不足 30 分钟（38%）、缺乏乳制品或钙补充剂摄入（28%）以及每天户外活动时间不足 10 分钟或未服用维生素 D 补充剂（29.9%）。总计有 395 名（86.8%）受访者在骨质疏松风险测试中得分低于 5 分，其余 60 名（13.2%）得分在 5 分及以上，显示出早期骨质疏松的高风险。单变量分析显示，早期骨质疏松的危险因素包括年龄、教育程度、进行过骨密度测试、既往疾病诊断、长期用药、身体状况、饮食习惯和平均日照时间。多变量分析显示，身体状况不佳（比值比[OR] = 2.18，95%置信区间[CI]：1.12-4.27，p = 0.023）和平均每日日照时间（OR = 0.24，95% CI：0.59-2.59，p < 0.001）与骨质疏松风险显著相关。换句话说，身体状况不佳的受访者发生骨质疏松的风险是身体状况良好的受访者的 2.18 倍，每天日照时间达到或超过 30 分钟的受访者发生骨质疏松的风险是每天日照时间不足 30 分钟的受访者的 0.24 倍。因此，机构必须鼓励员工每天多晒太阳，并通过运动提高身体素质。
