Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
Virus Res. 2020 Aug;285:198013. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198013. Epub 2020 May 11.
Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are small, ubiquitous, viruses with a highly diverse, single-stranded, negative sense DNA genome and wide host range. They are detected at high rates in both healthy and diseased individuals and are considered a significant part of the mammalian virome. Similar to human TTVs, swine TTVs (TTSuVs) are epidemiologically linked to several coinfections including porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 and the porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus. Experimental infection of gnotobiotic pigs with TTSuVs resulted in lesions in multiple organs and exacerbation of coinfections, making TTSuVs the only members of the Anelloviridae family with experimental evidence for pathogenicity. However, due to the lack of reliable cell culture and animal models, mechanistic studies on viral immunity and pathogenesis are limited. The objective of this review is to summarize the current status of knowledge regarding the biology, detection, pathogenesis and public health significance of TTSuVs, while identifying gaps in knowledge which limit the field.
Torque teno 病毒（TTVs）是一种小型、普遍存在的病毒，具有高度多样化的单链、负义 DNA 基因组和广泛的宿主范围。它们在健康和患病个体中都被高度检测到，被认为是哺乳动物病毒组的重要组成部分。与人类 TTVs 类似，猪 TTVs（TTSuVs）在流行病学上与几种合并感染有关，包括猪圆环病毒 2 型和 3 型以及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒。用 TTSuVs 感染无菌猪导致多个器官出现病变，并加重合并感染，这使得 TTSuVs 成为唯一具有致病性实验证据的圆环病毒科成员。然而，由于缺乏可靠的细胞培养和动物模型，病毒免疫和发病机制的机制研究受到限制。本综述的目的是总结目前关于 TTSuVs 的生物学、检测、发病机制和公共卫生意义的知识现状，同时确定限制该领域发展的知识空白。
