Mörkl Sabrina, Butler Mary I, Holl Anna, Cryan John F, Dinan Timothy G
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2020 Sep;9(3):171-182. doi: 10.1007/s13668-020-00313-5.
Probiotics are living bacteria, which when ingested in adequate amounts, confer health benefits. Gut microbes are suggested to play a role in many psychiatric disorders and could be a potential therapeutic target. Between the gut and the brain, there is a bi-directional communication pathway called the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The purpose of this review is to examine data from recent interventional studies focusing on probiotics and the gut-brain axis for the treatment of depression, anxiety and schizophrenia.
Probiotics are likely to improve depression but not schizophrenia. Regarding anxiety, there is only one trial which showed an effect of a multispecies probiotic. However, determinants like the duration of treatment, dosage and interactions have not been thoroughly investigated and deserve more scientific attention. Microbiome-based therapies such as probiotics could be cautiously recommended for depression to enhance beneficial bacteria in the gut and to improve mood through the gut-brain axis.
益生菌是活细菌，适量摄入时可带来健康益处。肠道微生物被认为在多种精神疾病中起作用，可能是一个潜在的治疗靶点。在肠道和大脑之间，存在一条双向通讯通路，称为微生物群-肠-脑轴。本综述的目的是研究近期干预性研究的数据，这些研究聚焦于益生菌和肠-脑轴在治疗抑郁症、焦虑症和精神分裂症方面的作用。
益生菌可能改善抑郁症，但对精神分裂症无效。关于焦虑症，仅有一项试验显示一种多菌种益生菌有效果。然而，治疗持续时间、剂量和相互作用等决定因素尚未得到充分研究，值得更多科学关注。基于微生物组的疗法，如益生菌，可谨慎推荐用于治疗抑郁症，以增加肠道内有益细菌，并通过肠-脑轴改善情绪。
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