Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal.
CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2020 May 12;12(5):1390. doi: 10.3390/nu12051390.
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been studied in athletes during Ramadan and in those willing to decrease adiposity while maintaining or increasing lean body mass. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the effects of IF on performance outcomes. We searched peer-reviewed articles in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Sport Discus (up to December 2019). Studies were selected if they included samples of adults (≥18 years), had an experimental or observational design, investigated IF (Ramadan and time-restricted feeding (TRF)), and included performance outcomes. Meta-analytical procedures were conducted when feasible. Twenty-eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Findings indicated that maximum oxygen uptake is significantly enhanced with TRF protocols (SMD = 1.32, 0.001), but reduced with Ramadan intermittent fasting (Ramadan IF; SMD = -2.20, < 0.001). Additional effects of IF may be observed in body composition (body mass and fat mass). Non-significant effects were observed for muscle strength and anaerobic capacity. While Ramadan IF may lead to impairments in aerobic capacity, TRF may be effective for improving it. As there are few studies per performance outcome, more research is needed to move the field forward.
间歇性禁食（IF）已在斋月期间的运动员和那些愿意在保持或增加瘦体重的同时减少脂肪的人群中进行了研究。本系统评价的目的是总结 IF 对运动表现结果的影响。我们在以下数据库中搜索了同行评审的文章：PubMed、Web of Science 和 Sport Discus（截至 2019 年 12 月）。如果研究包括成年人（≥18 岁）样本，具有实验或观察设计，研究 IF（斋月和时间限制喂养（TRF）），并包含运动表现结果，则选择研究。在可行的情况下进行了元分析程序。有 28 篇文章符合入选标准。研究结果表明，TRF 方案可显著提高最大摄氧量（SMD=1.32， 0.001），但斋月间歇性禁食（Ramadan IF；SMD=-2.20， < 0.001）则会降低最大摄氧量。IF 的其他影响可能表现在身体成分（体重和体脂）上。肌肉力量和无氧能力则没有显著影响。虽然 Ramadan IF 可能导致有氧能力受损，但 TRF 可能有助于改善有氧能力。由于每个运动表现结果的研究较少，需要进一步的研究来推动该领域的发展。
