Ewen Claire, Jenkins Helen, Jackson Craig, Jutley-Neilson Jagjeet, Galvin John
Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Dietetics and Rehabilitation Work (Visual Impairment), Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK, and.
Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2021 Apr;23(2):180-190. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2020.1758210. Epub 2020 May 14.
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the factors that influence well-being, job satisfaction, stress, and burnout in speech-language pathologists (SLPs), and to identify the impact of these variables on worker recruitment and retention.
A systematic literature search was conducted. Four electronic databases (PsycARTICLES & PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, CINHAL and ABI/INFORM) were searched. The search was limited to articles published in English between 1998 and June 2018. To be eligible for inclusion, studies needed to investigate or report well-being, job satisfaction, stress or burnout in SLPs. The methodological quality of each paper was assessed using the "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology" (for quantitative data) and "Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research" (for qualitative data) checklists. A data-driven thematic analysis of the literature was used to identify key themes.
Seventeen of 2050 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 15 were cross-sectional surveys yielding quantitative data. Two were qualitative studies. There was consistent evidence for SLPs in the USA and Canada experiencing average to high satisfaction in their jobs. However, SLP job satisfaction in the UK was low, and studies in other countries did not address satisfaction. Facet analysis revealed six contributory themes, three of which were clearly associated with well-being: workload/caseload size, professional support, and salary. The contribution of job control (autonomy), length of time in practice and work setting was inconclusive. Evidence for stress and dissatisfaction leading to workforce attrition was found.
Job satisfaction, stress, and burnout were found to be associated with various occupational features, including elements of demand, support and reward. No previous studies have investigated the interaction between different elements of a job, which might boost satisfaction or ameliorate stress in SLPs. This is the first review using a systematic approach to focus on well-being, satisfaction, stress and burnout in SLPs and suggests more work needs to be done to help identify and improve the well-being of the workforce.
本综述旨在评估影响言语语言病理学家（SLP）幸福感、工作满意度、压力和职业倦怠的因素，并确定这些变量对员工招聘和留用的影响。
进行了系统的文献检索。检索了四个电子数据库（PsycARTICLES & PsycINFO、PubMed/Medline、CINHAL和ABI/INFORM）。检索限于1998年至2018年6月期间发表的英文文章。要符合纳入标准，研究需调查或报告SLP的幸福感、工作满意度、压力或职业倦怠。使用“加强流行病学观察性研究报告”（用于定量数据）和“定性研究报告综合标准”（用于定性数据）清单评估每篇论文的方法学质量。对文献进行数据驱动的主题分析以确定关键主题。
2050项研究中有17项符合纳入标准，其中15项为横断面调查，产生定量数据。两项为定性研究。有一致证据表明，美国和加拿大的SLP对工作的满意度为中等至高度。然而，英国SLP的工作满意度较低，其他国家的研究未涉及满意度问题。方面分析揭示了六个促成主题，其中三个与幸福感明显相关：工作量/病例数量、专业支持和薪资。工作控制（自主权）、执业时间长短和工作环境的作用尚无定论。发现了压力和不满导致劳动力流失的证据。结论：发现工作满意度、压力和职业倦怠与各种职业特征相关，包括需求、支持和回报等因素。以前没有研究调查过工作中不同因素之间的相互作用可能会提高SLP的满意度或减轻压力。这是首次采用系统方法关注SLP的幸福感、满意度、压力和职业倦怠的综述，并表明需要开展更多工作以帮助确定和改善员工的幸福感。
