Gillum R F
J Natl Med Assoc. 1988 Sep;80(9):953-60.
Correlates of heart rate were investigated in youths aged 12 to 17 years examined in the United States National Health Examination Survey. Heart rate decreased with age in boys but no consistent trend appeared in girls. Girls had higher heart rates than boys. Blacks had heart rates 6 to 12 beats per minute lower than whites of the same age and sex.Multiple regression analysis showed the effect of race to be independent of multiple other variables. Regression analyses within sex-race groups identified the following independent correlates of heart rate: white boys, age, systolic blood pressure, and body temperature; black boys, age, body temperature, subscapular skinfold, and systolic blood pressure; white girls, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, cigarette smoking; black girls, body temperature. Correlations of two heart rate measurements 28 to 53 months apart (median 44 months) ranged from r = 0.21 to r = 0.30.Although expanded blood volume and lower sympathetic tone in blacks have been hypothesized, further longitudinal studies are needed to explain the differences in heart rates between races and sexes and their relationship to hypertension in adulthood.
在美国国家健康检查调查中，对12至17岁的青少年的心率相关因素进行了调查。男孩的心率随年龄下降，但女孩未出现一致的趋势。女孩的心率高于男孩。黑人的心率比同年龄、同性别的白人每分钟低6至12次。多元回归分析表明，种族的影响独立于其他多个变量。按性别-种族分组进行的回归分析确定了以下心率的独立相关因素：白人男孩为年龄、收缩压和体温；黑人男孩为年龄、体温、肩胛下皮褶厚度和收缩压；白人女孩为收缩压、体温、吸烟；黑人女孩为体温。间隔28至53个月（中位数44个月）的两次心率测量的相关性范围为r = 0.21至r = 0.30。尽管有人假设黑人的血容量增加和交感神经张力降低，但仍需要进一步的纵向研究来解释种族和性别之间心率的差异及其与成年期高血压的关系。
