Zhang Xiao-Zhen, Liu Hao, Chen Su-Ren
Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 May 15;12(5):1245. doi: 10.3390/cancers12051245.
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which is a kind of noncoding RNA, is generally characterized as being more than 200 nucleotide transcripts in length. LncRNAs exhibit many biological activities, including, but not limited to, cancer development. In this review, a search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. The term "lncRNA or long non-coding RNA" was combined with a range of search terms related to the core focus of the review: mechanism, structure, regulation, and cancer. The eligibility of the retrieved studies was mainly based on the abstract. The decision as to whether or not the study was included in this review was made after a careful assessment of its content. The reference lists were also checked to identify any other study that could be relevant to this review. We first summarized the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis, including competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms, epigenetic regulation, decoy and scaffold mechanisms, mRNA and protein stability regulation, transcriptional and translational regulation, miRNA processing regulation, and the architectural role of lncRNAs, which will help a broad audience better understand how lncRNAs work in cancer. Second, we introduced recent studies to elucidate the structure of lncRNAs, as there is a link between lncRNA structure and function and visualizing the architectural domains of lncRNAs is vital to understanding their function. Third, we explored emerging evidence for regulators of lncRNA expression, lncRNA turnover, and lncRNA modifications (including 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, and adenosine to inosine editing), highlighting the dynamics of lncRNAs. Finally, we used autophagy in cancer as an example to interpret the diverse mechanisms of lncRNAs and introduced clinical trials of lncRNA-based cancer therapies.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一种非编码RNA，其一般特征是长度超过200个核苷酸转录本。lncRNAs具有多种生物学活性，包括但不限于癌症发展。在本综述中，我们检索了PubMed数据库以识别用英文发表的相关研究。术语“lncRNA或长链非编码RNA”与一系列与综述核心重点相关的检索词相结合：机制、结构、调控和癌症。检索到的研究的合格性主要基于摘要。在仔细评估其内容后，决定该研究是否纳入本综述。我们还检查了参考文献列表以识别任何其他可能与本综述相关的研究。我们首先总结了lncRNAs在肿瘤发生中的分子机制，包括竞争性内源RNA（ceRNA）机制、表观遗传调控、诱饵和支架机制、mRNA和蛋白质稳定性调控、转录和翻译调控、miRNA加工调控以及lncRNAs的结构作用，这将有助于广大读者更好地理解lncRNAs在癌症中的作用机制。其次，我们介绍了最近阐明lncRNAs结构的研究，因为lncRNA结构与功能之间存在联系，可视化lncRNAs的结构域对于理解其功能至关重要。第三，我们探索了lncRNA表达、lncRNA周转和lncRNA修饰（包括5-甲基胞嘧啶、N6-甲基腺苷和腺苷到肌苷编辑）调控的新证据，强调了lncRNAs的动态变化。最后，我们以癌症中的自噬为例来解释lncRNAs的多种机制，并介绍了基于lncRNA的癌症治疗的临床试验。
