Trache Djalal, Tarchoun Ahmed Fouzi, Derradji Mehdi, Hamidon Tuan Sherwyn, Masruchin Nanang, Brosse Nicolas, Hussin M Hazwan
UER Procédés Energétiques, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Bordj El-Bahri, Algeria.
Materials Technology Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Front Chem. 2020 May 6;8:392. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00392. eCollection 2020.
Over the past few years, nanocellulose (NC), cellulose in the form of nanostructures, has been proved to be one of the most prominent green materials of modern times. NC materials have gained growing interests owing to their attractive and excellent characteristics such as abundance, high aspect ratio, better mechanical properties, renewability, and biocompatibility. The abundant hydroxyl functional groups allow a wide range of functionalizations chemical reactions, leading to developing various materials with tunable features. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations (particularly for the reports of the past 3 years). We start with a concise background of cellulose, its structural organization as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials for beginners in this field. Then, different experimental procedures for the production of nanocelluloses, their properties, and functionalization approaches were elaborated. Furthermore, a number of recent and emerging uses of nanocellulose in nanocomposites, Pickering emulsifiers, wood adhesives, wastewater treatment, as well as in new evolving biomedical applications are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of NC-based emerging materials are discussed.
在过去几年中，纳米纤维素（NC），即纳米结构形式的纤维素，已被证明是现代最突出的绿色材料之一。由于其具有诸如来源丰富、高长径比、更好的机械性能、可再生性和生物相容性等吸引人的优异特性，纳米纤维素材料受到了越来越多的关注。丰富的羟基官能团使得其能够进行广泛的官能化化学反应，从而开发出具有可调特性的各种材料。在本综述中，基于对最新研究（特别是过去3年的报告）的分析，描述并讨论了纳米纤维素，尤其是纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）在制备、改性和新兴应用方面的最新进展。我们首先为该领域的初学者简要介绍纤维素的背景、其结构组织以及纤维素纳米材料的命名。然后，阐述了制备纳米纤维素的不同实验方法、它们的性质以及官能化方法。此外，还介绍了纳米纤维素在纳米复合材料、皮克林乳化剂、木材胶粘剂、废水处理以及新兴生物医学应用中的一些最新和新兴用途。最后，讨论了基于纳米纤维素的新兴材料面临的挑战和机遇。
