Bacakova Lucie, Pajorova Julia, Tomkova Maria, Matejka Roman, Broz Antonin, Stepanovska Jana, Prazak Simon, Skogberg Anne, Siljander Sanna, Kallio Pasi
Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Jan 23;10(2):196. doi: 10.3390/nano10020196.
Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites are newly emerging smart hybrid materials containing cellulose nanoparticles, such as nanofibrils and nanocrystals, and carbon nanoparticles, such as "classical" carbon allotropes (fullerenes, graphene, nanotubes and nanodiamonds), or other carbon nanostructures (carbon nanofibers, carbon quantum dots, activated carbon and carbon black). The nanocellulose component acts as a dispersing agent and homogeneously distributes the carbon nanoparticles in an aqueous environment. Nanocellulose/nanocarbon composites can be prepared with many advantageous properties, such as high mechanical strength, flexibility, stretchability, tunable thermal and electrical conductivity, tunable optical transparency, photodynamic and photothermal activity, nanoporous character and high adsorption capacity. They are therefore promising for a wide range of industrial applications, such as energy generation, storage and conversion, water purification, food packaging, construction of fire retardants and shape memory devices. They also hold great promise for biomedical applications, such as radical scavenging, photodynamic and photothermal therapy of tumors and microbial infections, drug delivery, biosensorics, isolation of various biomolecules, electrical stimulation of damaged tissues (e.g., cardiac, neural), neural and bone tissue engineering, engineering of blood vessels and advanced wound dressing, e.g., with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. However, the potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of the composites and their components must also be taken into account.
纳米纤维素/纳米碳复合材料是新出现的智能混合材料，包含纤维素纳米颗粒，如纳米原纤维和纳米晶体，以及碳纳米颗粒，如“经典”碳同素异形体（富勒烯、石墨烯、纳米管和纳米金刚石）或其他碳纳米结构（碳纳米纤维、碳量子点、活性炭和炭黑）。纳米纤维素组分充当分散剂，在水性环境中均匀分布碳纳米颗粒。纳米纤维素/纳米碳复合材料可制备出许多有利特性，如高机械强度、柔韧性、可拉伸性、可调的热导率和电导率、可调的光学透明度、光动力和光热活性、纳米多孔特性和高吸附能力。因此，它们在广泛的工业应用中具有前景，如能量产生、存储和转换、水净化、食品包装、阻燃剂构建和形状记忆装置。它们在生物医学应用中也极具前景，如自由基清除、肿瘤和微生物感染的光动力和光热疗法、药物递送、生物传感、各种生物分子的分离、受损组织（如心脏、神经）的电刺激、神经和骨组织工程、血管工程以及先进伤口敷料，例如具有抗菌和抗肿瘤活性的伤口敷料。然而，复合材料及其组分的潜在细胞毒性和免疫原性也必须予以考虑。
