University of Minnesota, Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health and Institute of Child Development, 1100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 101, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.
The University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, P.O. Box 1248, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Jul 1;212:108018. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108018. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
This study examines whether longitudinal patterns of persistent or experimental heavy substance use across young adulthood were associated with physical and mental health in midlife.
Data (N = 21,347) from Monitoring the Future from adolescence (age 18) to midlife (age 40) were used. Repeated measures latent class analysis modeled patterns of patterns of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs across young adulthood (ages 18-30). Latent classes were then used as predictors of physical health problems, cognitive problems, self-rated health, and psychological problems in midlife (age 40), while controlling for sociodemographic variables (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, parental education).
Identified classes were "Extreme Heavy Users" (3.9%), "Early Young Adult Users" (8.9%), "Cigarette Smokers" (9.2%), "All But Cigarette Smokers" (5.0%), "Frequent Alcohol Bingers" (10.4%), and "Not-Heavy Users" (62.6%). Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, and Cigarette Smokers had significantly poorer overall health based on a number of physical conditions and self-rated health. Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, Cigarette Smokers, and All But Cigarette Smokers had more cognitive problems than other classes. Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, Cigarette Smokers, and All But Cigarette Smokers were more likely to see a health professional for a psychological problem.
Patterns of heavy substance use were associated with health across decades. Regular cigarette smokers and heavy users across substances and ages had the worst health in midlife, although even those with time-limited use during young adulthood were at risk for later physical and cognitive health problems.
本研究考察了整个成年早期持续或实验性大量使用物质的纵向模式是否与中年的身心健康有关。
使用了从青春期（18 岁）到中年（40 岁）的监测未来的数据（N=21347）。重复测量潜在类别分析对成年早期（18-30 岁）的香烟、酒精、大麻和其他非法药物的使用模式进行建模。然后，将潜在类别用作中年（40 岁）身体健康问题、认知问题、自我评估健康和心理问题的预测指标，同时控制社会人口统计学变量（即性别、种族/民族、父母教育）。
确定的类别为“极端大量使用者”（3.9%）、“早期成年使用者”（8.9%）、“香烟吸烟者”（9.2%）、“非香烟吸烟者”（5.0%）、“频繁酗酒者”（10.4%）和“非大量使用者”（62.6%）。根据多种身体状况和自我评估健康，极端大量使用者、早期成年使用者和香烟吸烟者的整体健康状况明显较差。与其他类别相比，极端大量使用者、早期成年使用者、香烟吸烟者和非香烟吸烟者的认知问题更多。与其他类别相比，极端大量使用者、早期成年使用者、香烟吸烟者和非香烟吸烟者更有可能因心理问题寻求健康专业人员的帮助。
大量物质使用模式与几十年的健康有关。经常吸烟的人和成年早期的大量物质使用者的健康状况最差，尽管那些在成年早期有时间限制使用的人也有后期身体健康和认知问题的风险。
