Rebello Keila, Moura Luciana M, Pinaya Walter H L, Rohde Luis A, Sato João R
Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil.
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks). 2018 Nov 14;2:2470547018808295. doi: 10.1177/2470547018808295. eCollection 2018 Jan-Dec.
Default mode network (DMN) plays a central role in cognition and brain disorders. It has been shown that adverse environmental conditions impact neurodevelopment, but how these conditions impact in DMN maturation is still poorly understood. This article reviews representative neuroimaging functional studies addressing the interactions between DMN development and environmental factors, focusing on early life adversities, a critical period for brain changes. Studies focused on this period of life offer a special challenge: to disentangle the neurodevelopmental connectivity changes from those related to environmental conditions. We first summarized the literature on DMN maturation, providing an overview of both typical and atypical development patterns in childhood and early adolescence. Afterward, we focused on DMN changes associated with chronic exposure to environmental adversities during childhood. This summary suggests that changes in DMN development could be a potential allostatic neural feature associated with an embodiment of environmental circumstances. Finally, we discuss about some key methodological issues that should be considered in paradigms addressing environmental adversities and open questions for future investigations.
默认模式网络（DMN）在认知和脑部疾病中起着核心作用。研究表明，不利的环境条件会影响神经发育，但这些条件如何影响DMN的成熟仍知之甚少。本文综述了具有代表性的神经影像学功能研究，这些研究探讨了DMN发育与环境因素之间的相互作用，重点关注早期生活逆境，这是大脑发生变化的关键时期。针对这一生命阶段的研究带来了特殊挑战：要区分神经发育连接变化与那些与环境条件相关的变化。我们首先总结了关于DMN成熟的文献，概述了儿童期和青春期早期典型和非典型的发育模式。之后，我们关注了与童年期长期暴露于环境逆境相关的DMN变化。这一总结表明，DMN发育的变化可能是一种潜在的适应性神经特征，与环境情况的体现有关。最后，我们讨论了在研究环境逆境的范式中应考虑的一些关键方法学问题以及未来研究的开放性问题。
